Southern Europe
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The term Southern Europe can have four definitions:
Contents
- 1 Geographical definition
- 2 Political definition
- 3 Climatical definition
- 4 Phytogeographical/Botanical definition
- 5 Linguistic definition
- 6 Notes
Geographical definition
Geographically, Southern Europe would be the south half of the landmass of Europe. This definition is relative, with no clear limits. The Alps and Massif Central mountains constitute a physical barrier between Italy and France and the rest of Europe. Countries geographically considered part of Southern Europe include:
Iberian Peninsula
The southern half of Europe is shown in shades of red.Southern France
Italian peninsula
- Italy (including: Sardinia, and Sicily.)
- San Marino
- Vatican City
Central Europe
Balkan Peninsula
- Albania
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Greece (including: Aegean Islands, Crete and Ionian Islands.)
- Montenegro
- Republic of Macedonia
- Serbia
Other
Political definition
The Southern European countries in the UN classification in sub-regions.For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization groups countries under a classification of regions. Southern Europe, as defined by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), comprises the following countries and territories:
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Croatia
- Gibraltar
- Greece
- Italy (including: Sardinia, and Sicily.)
- Republic of Macedonia
- Malta
- Montenegro
- Portugal (including: Madeira and Azores.)
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain (including: Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.)
- Vatican City
Climatical definition
This map shows the areas of Europe with mediterranean climates.Southern Europe's climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area.
The Mediterranean area presents similar landscapes throughout, including:
- dry hills
- small plains
- pine forests
- olive trees
The area which is considered climatically Southern Europe is:
- Albania
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (coasts)
- Croatia (coasts)
- Cyprus
- France (southeast coast, and the island of Corsica)
- Gibraltar
- Greece
- Italy (except the Po River plain and Alps region)
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Portugal (northeast and southern two-thirds)
- Spain (southern half and eastern coast)
- Turkey (Aegean and Mediterranean coasts)
Phytogeographical/Botanical definition
The European floristic regionsSouthern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean and Submediterranean, which is typically for this area. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate in Europe comprises the following countries and territories:[1]
- Albania
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Greece
- France (the southern and southeastern part, and the island of Corsica)
- Hungary (the southwestern part till the Balaton lake)
- Italy
- Macedonia
- Malta
- Montenegro
- Portugal (the southern half)
- Romania (only the southern part along the Danube river)
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain ( excepting the northwestern part)
- Switzerland (only Ticino)
- Turkey (the coastal regions)
- Ukraine (only the southern part of Crimea)
Linguistic definition
Linguistical definition of south Europe. Latin Europe in blue; South Slavic countries, Albania and Greece in green.Countries lingustically included in Latin Europe are often associated with Southern Europe, especially Southwest Europe (see Latin Arch).
Countries included in the linguistic definition of Southern Europe include:
- Andorra
- Belgium (In Wallonia, where French is spoken.)
- Italy
- France
- Gibraltar
- Malta
- Moldova (Bordering Romania, and speaking Romanian language.)
- Monaco
- Portugal (Including: Madeira and Azores.)
- Romania
- San Marino
- Spain (Including: Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.)
- Switzerland (Regions where French, Italian and Romansh is spoken.)
- Vatican City
There is a similar approach when it comes to the South Slavs and their states:
Notes
- ^ Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch; Lehrbuch der Geobotanik. Pflanze und Vegetation in Raum und Zeit. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München 2004
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