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List of rapid transit systems

A train approaching a London Underground station

This is a list of rapid transit systems around the world. Such systems are commonly called metros, subways, elevated railways, rapid rail, or underground railways. The list is ordered by continent, country and city, and the systems are listed along with their opening year, system length and number of stations.

Contents

Considerations

There is no single and unambiguous definition of a rapid transit system, but the term often refers to systems that are called metro, subway or underground.[1] Whereas the words subway and underground indicate that the system is sub-surface, the terms metro and rapid transit typically also include systems that are elevated or at surface level. A popular definition of metro is urban, electric passenger transportation system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.[2][3] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail have similar definitions.[4][5]

The dividing line between rapid transit and other modes of public transport, such as light rail and commuter rail, is not always clear. A common way to distinguish rapid transit systems from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a rapid transit system runs on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail, rapid transit systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequency, typically not more than 10 minutes between trains during normal daytime service. Furthermore, rapid transit systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead lines.

The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion. Some cities use rapid transit or metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criteria for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted for in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of rapid transit, but reach far out of the city and are commonly known or better described as regional or commuter rail. These are not included. Neither are monorail and funicular systems, nor people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transportation systems.

Africa

Location Name Opened Stations Length  EgyptCairoCairo Metro[6]1987 53 65.5 km (40.7 mi)

Asia

Location Name Opened Stations Length  ChinaBeijingBeijing Subway1969 83 142 km (88 mi) ChongqingChongqing Metro2005 18 19.2 km (11.9 mi) DalianDalian Metro[7]2003 12 49 km (30.4 mi) GuangzhouGuangzhou Metro1997 60 116 km (72 mi) Hong KongMTR1979 82 175.4 km (109 mi) NanjingNanjing Metro2005 17 13 km (8 mi) ShanghaiShanghai Metro1995 162 228.4 km (141.9 mi) ShenzhenShenzhen Metro2004 19 21.9 km (13.6 mi) TianjinTianjin Metro1984 22 26.2 km (16.3 mi) WuhanWuhan Metro2004 10 10.2 km (6.3 mi)  IndiaChennaiChennai Mass Rapid Transit System1997 17 27 km (17 mi) KolkataKolkata Metro1984 17 16.5 km (10.3 mi) DelhiDelhi Metro2002 59 65.1 km (40.5 mi)  IranTehranTehran Metro2000 40 48.5 km (30.1 mi)  IsraelHaifaCarmelit1956 6 1.8 km (1.1 mi)  JapanFukuokaFukuoka City Subway1981 35 29.8 km (18.5 mi) HiroshimaAstram Line1994 21 18.4 km (11.4 mi) KobeKobe Rapid Railway1968 10 7.6 km (4.7 mi) Kobe Municipal Subway1977 25 30.6 km (19 mi) KyotoKyoto Municipal Subway1981 29 28.8 km (17.9 mi) NagoyaNagoya Municipal Subway1957 83 89.1 km (55.4 mi) OsakaOsaka Municipal Subway1933 101 137.8 km (85.6 mi) SaitamaSaitama Rapid Railway Line2001 8 14.6 km (9.1 mi) SapporoSapporo Municipal Subway1971 46 48 km (30 mi) SendaiSendai Subway1987 17 14.8 km (9.2 mi) Tokyo
(23 special wards) Tokyo Metro1927 165 183.3 km (113.9 mi) Toei Subway1960 106 121.5 km (75.5 mi) Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit1996 8 12.2 km (7.6 mi) YokohamaYokohama Municipal Subway1972 32 40.4 km (25.1 mi) Minatomirai Line2004 6 4.1 km (2.5 mi)  North KoreaPyongyangPyongyang Metro1973 17 35 km (22 mi)  South KoreaBusanBusan Subway1985 95 95 km (59 mi) DaeguDaegu Subway1997 55 53.9 km (33.5 mi) DaejeonDaejeon Subway2006 22 22.6 km (14 mi) GwangjuGwangju Subway2004 14 12.2 km (7.6 mi) IncheonIncheon Subway1999 22 24.6 km (15.3 mi) SeoulSeoul Subway1974 266 287 km (178 mi)  MalaysiaKuala LumpurAmpang Line1996 25 27 km (17 mi) Kelana Jaya Line1998 24 29 km (18 mi)  PhilippinesManilaManila Light Rail Transit System1984 29 28.8 km (17.9 mi) Manila Metro Rail Transit System1999 13 17.0 km (10.6 mi)  SingaporeSingaporeMass Rapid Transit1987 64 109.4 km (68 mi)  TaiwanTaipeiTaipei Rapid Transit System1996 67 74.4 km (46.2 mi) KaohsiungKaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit2008 23 28.3 km (17.6 mi)  ThailandBangkokBangkok Skytrain1999 23 23 km (14 mi) Bangkok Metro2004 18 21 km (13 mi)  UzbekistanTashkentTashkent Metro1977 29 39.1 km (24.4 mi)

Europe

Location Name Opened Stations Length  ArmeniaYerevanYerevan Metro1981 10 13.4 km (8.3 mi)  AustriaViennaVienna U-Bahn1976 84 69.5 km (43.2 mi)  AzerbaijanBakuBaku Metro1967 20 29.9 km (18.6 mi)  BelarusMinskMinsk Metro1984 25 30.3 km (18.8 mi)  BelgiumBrusselsBrussels Metro1969 68 50 km (31 mi)  BulgariaSofiaSofia Metro1998 8 10 km (6 mi)  Czech RepublicPraguePrague Metro1974 57 59.3 km (36.8 mi)  DenmarkCopenhagenCopenhagen Metro2002 22 21 km (13 mi)  FinlandHelsinkiHelsinki Metro1982 17 22.1 km (13.7 mi)  FranceLilleLille Metro1983 60 45.2 km (28.1 mi) LyonLyon Metro1968 39 30 km (19 mi) MarseilleMarseille Metro1977 24 19 km (12 mi) ParisParis Métro[8]1900 298 212.9 km (132.3 mi) RennesRennes Metro2002 15 9.4 km (5.8 mi) ToulouseToulouse Metro1993 37 37.5 km (23.3 mi)  GeorgiaTbilisiTbilisi Metro1966 22 26.4 km (16.4 mi)  GermanyBerlinBerlin U-Bahn[9]1902 170 151.7 km (94.3 mi) HamburgHamburg U-Bahn1912 89 100.7 km (62.6 mi) MunichMunich U-Bahn1971 98 100.8 km (62.6 mi) NurembergNuremberg U-Bahn1972 41 32.4 km (20.1 mi)  GreeceAthensAthens Metro2000 52 72.2 km (44.9 mi)  HungaryBudapestBudapest Metro1896 40 31.7 km (19.7 mi)  ItalyCataniaCatania Metro1999 6 3.8 km (2.4 mi) GenoaGenoa Metro1990 7 5.3 km (3.3 mi) MilanMilan Metro1964 86 76 km (47 mi) NaplesNaples Metro[10]1993 28 29.8 km (18.5 mi) RomeRome Metro1955 48 38 km (24 mi) TurinMetrotorino2006 15 9.6 km (6 mi)  NetherlandsAmsterdamAmsterdam Metro[11]1977 33 32.7 km (20.3 mi) RotterdamRotterdam Metro1968 38 55.3 km (34.4 mi)  NorwayOsloOslo T-bane1966 104 84.2 km (52.3 mi)  PolandWarsawWarsaw Metro1995 19 19.6 km (12.2 mi)  PortugalLisbonLisbon Metro1959 46 39 km (24 mi)  RomaniaBucharestBucharest Metro1979 45 62.2 km (38.6 mi)  RussiaKazanKazan Metro[12]2005 5 7.2 km (4.5 mi) MoscowMoscow Metro[13]1935 176 292.2 km (181.6 mi) Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod Metro1985 13 15.3 km (9.5 mi) NovosibirskNovosibirsk Metro1986 12 14.3 km (8.9 mi) Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg Metro1955 60 105.5 km (65.6 mi) SamaraSamara Metro1987 9 10.2 km (6.3 mi) YekaterinburgYekaterinburg Metro1991 7 8.6 km (5.3 mi)  SpainBarcelonaBarcelona Metro[14]1924 123 104.8 km (65 mi) BilbaoBilbao Metro1995 36 38.2 km (23.7 mi) MadridMadrid Metro[15]1919 231 294 km (183 mi) Palma de MallorcaPalma de Mallorca Metro2007 9 7.2 km (4.5 mi) ValenciaValencia Metro[16]1988 37 31.8 km (19.8 mi)  SwedenStockholmStockholm Metro[17]1950 100 105.7 km (65.7 mi)  TurkeyAnkaraAnkaray1996 11 8.6 km (5.3 mi) Ankara Metro1997 12 14.7 km (9.1 mi) IstanbulIstanbul LRT1989 36 32 km (19.9 mi) Istanbul Metro2000 6 8.5 km (5.3 mi) İzmirİzmir Metro2000 10 11.6 km (7.2 mi) BursaBursaray2002 23 22.5 km (14 mi)  UkraineDnipropetrovskDnipropetrovsk Metro1995 6 7.1 km (4.4 mi) KharkivKharkiv Metro1975 28 35.4 km (22 mi) KievKiev Metro1960 46 59.9 km (37.2 mi)  United KingdomGlasgowGlasgow Subway1896 15 10.4 km (6.5 mi) LondonLondon Underground[18]1863 269 408 km (254 mi) Docklands Light Railway1987 39 31 km (19 mi) Tyne and WearTyne & Wear Metro1980 60 77.7 km (48.3 mi)

North America

Location Name Opened Stations Length  CanadaMontrealMontreal Metro1966 68 66.0 km (41 mi) TorontoToronto subway and RT1954 69 68.3 km (42.4 mi) VancouverSkyTrain1985 33 49.5 km (30.8 mi)  Dominican RepublicSanto DomingoMetro de Santo Domingo2008 16 14.5 km (9 mi)  MexicoMexico CityMexico City Metro[19]1969 147 176.8 km (109.9 mi) MonterreyMonterrey Metro1991 28 23 km (14.3 mi) GuadalajaraGuadalajara Metro1989 28 24.3 km (15.1 mi)  Puerto RicoSan JuanTren Urbano2004 16 17.2 km (10.7 mi)  United StatesAtlantaMARTA1979 38 77 km (48 mi) BaltimoreMetro Subway1983 14 24.5 km (15.2 mi) BostonMBTA[20]1901 51 61 km (38 mi) ChicagoChicago 'L'1892 144 170.6 km (106 mi) ClevelandRTA Rapid Transit(Red Line) 1955 18 31 km (19 mi) Los AngelesLos Angeles County Metro Rail[21]1993 16 28.0 km (17.4 mi) MiamiMiami Metrorail1984 22 36 km (22 mi) New YorkNew York City Subway[22]1870 422 375 km (233 mi) Port Authority Trans-Hudson1908 13 22.2 km (14 mi) PhiladelphiaSEPTA1907 73 38.7 km (24 mi) PATCO Speedline1936 13 22.9 km (14 mi) San Francisco Bay AreaBay Area Rapid Transit[23]1972 43 167 km (104 mi) SeattleSeattle Center Monorail1962 2 1.9 km (1.2 mi) Washington, D.C.Metrorail1976 86 171 km (106 mi)

South America

Location Name Opened Stations Length  ArgentinaBuenos AiresBuenos Aires Metro1913 74 52.3 km (32.5 mi)  BrazilBelo HorizonteBelo Horizonte Metro1986 19 28.2 km (17.5 mi) BrasíliaBrasília Metro2001 24 42.0 km (26 mi) Porto AlegrePorto Alegre Metro1985 17 33.8 km (21 mi) RecifeRecife Metro1985 20 29.3 km (18.2 mi) Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro Metro1979 38 42.0 km (26.1 mi) São PauloSão Paulo Metro1974 55 62.0 km (38.5 mi)  ChileSantiago de ChileSantiago Metro1975 105 104.5 km (64.9 mi) ValparaísoValparaiso Metro2005 20 43 km (27 mi)  ColombiaMedellínMetro de Medellín1995 31 32 km (20 mi)  PeruLimaLima Metro2003 7 11.7 km (7 mi)  VenezuelaCaracasCaracas Metro1983 44 51 km (32 mi) Los TequesLos Teques Metro2006 2 9.5 km (5.9 mi) MaracaiboMaracaibo Metro2006 3 3.6 km (2.2 mi) ValenciaValencia Metro2006 7 4.7 km (2.9 mi)

Total rapid transit systems statistics by country

The following table is based on the list above. Countries can be sorted by total length of rapid transit systems, total number of stations and the year of opening of the earliest system.

Rank Country Total length of
rapid transit
systems (km) Total number of
stations in rapid
transite systems The year
first system
was opened 1  United States1224,9 953 1870 2  China801.3 485 1969 3  Japan781.0 692 1933 4  United Kingdom527.1 383 1863 5  South Korea495.5 474 1974 6  Spain476.0 436 1919 7  Russia453.3 282 1935 8  Germany385.6 398 1902 9  France354.0 473 1900 10  Brazil237.3 173 1974 11  Mexico223.3 203 1969 12  Canada183.8 170 1954 13  Italy162.5 190 1955 14  Chile147.5 125 1975 15  Singapore109.4 64 1987 16  India108.6 93 1984 17  Sweden105.7 100 1950 18  Taiwan102.7 90 1996 19  Ukraine102.4 70 1960 20  Turkey97.9 98 1989 21  Netherlands88.0 71 1968 22  Norway84.2 104 1966 23  Greece72.2 52 2000 24  Austria69.5 84 1976 25  Venezuela68.8 56 1983 26  Egypt65.5 53 1987 27  Romania62.2 45 1979 28  Czech Republic59.3 57 1974 29  Malaysia56.0 49 1996 30  Argentina52.3 74 1913 31  Belgium50.0 68 1969 32  Iran48.5 40 2000 33  Philippines45.8 42 1984 34  Thailand44.0 41 1999 35  Uzbekistan39.1 29 1977 36  Portugal39.0 46 1959 37  North Korea35.0 17 1973 38  Colombia32.0 31 1995 39  Hungary31.7 40 1896 40  Belarus30.3 25 1984 41  Azerbaijan29.9 20 1967 42  Georgia26.4 22 1966 43  Finland22.1 17 1982 44  Denmark21.0 22 2002 45  Poland19.6 19 1995 46  Puerto Rico17.2 16 2004 47  Dominican Republic14.5 16 2008 48  Armenia13.4 10 1981 49  Peru11.7 7 2003 50  Bulgaria10.0 8 1998 51  Israel1.8 6 1956

Notes

  1. ^ The term rapid transit sometimes refers to high capacity bus transit systems (BRT) or any kind of transit system that features some dedicated lanes or routes.
    Glossary of Transit Terminology. American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  2. ^ Metro. International Association of Public Transport. Retrieved on 2008-01-14.
  3. ^ Schwandl, Robert (2007). What is a metro?. UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved on 2008-01-14.
  4. ^ Glossary of Transit Terminology. American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  5. ^ The demand for public transport: a practical guide p. 6. Transport Research Laboratory. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  6. ^ Rohde, Mike. Cairo. Metro Bits. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  7. ^ Schwandl, Robert. Dalian. UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2008-02-28.
  8. ^ Paris Metro network had 297 stations and was 211.3 km long in 2004. In 2007, the network was extended with 1 station and 1.6 kilometers.
    Les Transports en commun (French). Syndicat des Transports d’Ile-de-France. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
    Paris: new section of Metro Line 14 opened. Infrasite.net (2007-07-02). Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
  9. ^ In addition to the U-Bahn, Berlin has an extensive network of urban railway lines, S-Bahn, which may be considered a metro in its own right.
    Schwandl, Robert. Berlin S-Bahn. UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
    The Berlin metro (U-Bahn). Means of Transport & Routes. BVG. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
  10. ^ Currently, line 1, 2 and 6 are rapid transit. Additional suburban lines will be upgraded to rapid transit standard.
    Schwandl, Robert. Napoli. UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
  11. ^ Line 50, 53, and 54 are rapid transit. Numbers exclude light rail line 51. World Metro List. metro bits (2008-01-10). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  12. ^ Kazan Subway. Retrieved on 2008-06-12.
  13. ^ The official Moscow Metro site provides pages with network data in Russian and English. The Russian page seems to be the more accurate and updated page.
    Moscow Metro. Moscow Metro. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
    Moscow Metro numbers (Russian). Moscow Metro. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
  14. ^ TMB lines L1-L5+L11, and FCG lines L6-L8.
    Rohde, Mike. Barcelona. Metro Bits. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
  15. ^ According to the Community of Madrid, the Madrid Metro network, including Metro Ligero (light rail), has a total of 318 stations and 322 kilometers. Light rail lines spans along 28 kilometers; thus the metro network is 294 kilometers. There are 231 metro stations, counting interchange stations only once.
    90 new kilometers, the biggest expansion of Metro in history is already a reality (Spanish). Community of Madrid. Retrieved on 2008-03-17.
    Rohde, Mike. Madrid. Metro Bits. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  16. ^ Central parts of line 1, 3 and 5 can be considered full metro. Outer parts are served less frequently and have level crossings. Line 2 and 4 are light rail.
    Rohde, Mike. Valencia. Metro Bits. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
    Schwandl, Robert. Valencia. UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
  17. ^ SL Annual Report 2006 p. 17. Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (2007-06-21). Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
  18. ^ Key facts. London Underground. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
  19. ^ There are 147 stations on the network map, counting transfer stations as one. The sum of number of stations for all lines is 175.
    Datos de operacion (Spanish). Metro de la Ciudad de Mexico. Retrieved on 2008-05-27.
  20. ^ The red, orange, and blue lines of the subway is rapid transit. The elevated orange line opened in 1901, sharing Tremont street subway that opened in 1897 as an underground tram tunnel for the green line.
    Schwandl, Robert. Boston T. UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
    About the T - Financials - Appendix: Statistical Profile. MBTA (2007). Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
  21. ^ Red and purple lines.
    Facts at a Glance. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved on 2008-03-25.
  22. ^ First regular elevated railway service began in 1870. The first section of subway opened in 1904.
    New York City Transit - History and Chronology. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved on 2008-01-18.
    MTA New York City Transit - 2006 Preliminary Budget. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
    Jeremy Olshan (2006-08-21). Lone riders of the Rockaways. New York Post. Retrieved on 2008-03-24.
  23. ^ BART System Facts. San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.

References

Further reading

See also

External links

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