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List of countries

The terms country, state, and nation can have various meanings. Therefore, diverse lists of these entities are possible. Wikipedia offers the following lists:
  • the list of countries, listing countries in the sense of independent states (both those that are internationally recognized and generally unrecognized), inhabited dependent territories, and areas of special sovereignty.
  • the list of sovereign states, listing sovereign states with information on the extent of their sovereignty. It includes both states widely recognized (de jure) to be sovereign and entities that claim sovereignty while exercising de facto control over (part of) their claimed territory.
Related lists are the lists of federations, unrecognized countries, autonomous areas, dependent territories, and territorial disputes. In some contexts country and state is also used for some subnational entities.[1] More lists of countries can be found at the lists of countries.


This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. It includes territories that are independent states (both those that are internationally recognized and generally unrecognized), inhabited dependent territories, and areas of special sovereignty.

Such inclusion criteria means the list does not treat the word "country" as synonymous with "sovereign state," as one may often find in colloquial usage. Note, that in certain circumstances and in certain languages the term country is understood in the most restrictive sense, thus including only the 193 entities mentioned under the first item below.

The list covers all areas under the jurisdiction of the listed countries, namely territory, territorial waters (including internal waters and contiguous zones), exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, and airspace.

The names of countries in the list are given in English and include both an English version of the short official or normative names (e.g. Afghanistan) and an English version of the (longer) official names (e.g. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan). The listing of any name in this article is not meant to imply an official position in any naming dispute.

Contents: Included entities- Entities not included

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
See also - References - Footnotes - External links

Types of political entities included

On this list are 245 entities of the following types:

In the 'Entities not included', an outline is given on the entities not included in this list. This includes distinct political and legal entities which are countries but are considered integral parts of a sovereign state, notably the constituent countries of the United Kingdom and the Länder of Germany.

Key of country names

  • Afghanistan (bold) - States with general international recognition
  • Abkhazia (bold and italic) - States lacking general international recognition
  • Akrotiri and Dhekelia (unbold) - Other non-state countries

List of countries

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

  •  Haiti – Republic of Haiti
  •  Honduras – Republic of Honduras
  •  Hong Kong – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (Area of special sovereignty)[24]
  •  Hungary – Republic of Hungary

I

J

  •  Jamaica
  •  Japan
  •  Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey (British Crown dependency)
  •  Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

K

L

  •  Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic
  •  Latvia – Republic of Latvia
  •  Lebanon – Republic of Lebanon
  •  Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho
  •  Liberia – Republic of Liberia
  •  Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  •  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
  •  Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
  •  Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

N

O

  •  Oman – Sultanate of Oman

P

Q

  •  Qatar – State of Qatar

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

  •  Yemen – Republic of Yemen

Z

Entities not included

See also

Main articles: Lists of countries and Lists by country
  Countries by geographic locale v • d • eCountries of Africa

West Africa

Benin · Burkina Faso · Cape Verde · Côte d'Ivoire · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Liberia · Mali · Mauritania · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Togo

North Africa

Algeria · Egypt1 · Libya · Mauritania · Morocco · Sudan · Tunisia · Western Sahara

Central Africa

Angola · Burundi · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Equatorial Guinea · Gabon · Republic of the Congo · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa

Burundi · Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Kenya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mozambique · Rwanda · Seychelles · Somalia · Tanzania · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

Botswana · Lesotho · Namibia · South Africa · Swaziland

DependenciesBritish Indian Ocean Territory (UK) · Canary Islands (Spain) · Ceuta (Spain) · Madeira (Portugal) · Mayotte (France) · Melilla (Spain) · Réunion (France) · St. Helena2 (UK) · Socotra (Yemen)UnrecognizedPuntland · Somaliland · Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

1 Partly in Asia.  2 Includes the dependencies of Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha.

v • d • eCountries of Asia

Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · China, People's Republic of · China, Republic of (Taiwan)2 · Cyprus · Egypt3 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia4 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · Korea, Democratic People's Republic of · Korea, Republic of · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · Timor-Leste (East Timor)4 · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen3

For dependent and other territories, see Dependent territory.

1 Partly or significantly in Europe.  2 The Republic of China (Taiwan) is not officially recognized by the United Nations; see Political status of Taiwan.
3 Partly or significantly in Africa.  4 Partly or wholly reckoned in Oceania.

v • d • eCountriesof Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia2 · Austria · Azerbaijan1 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus2 · Czech Republic · Denmark3 · Estonia · Finland · France1 · Georgia1 · Germany · Greece  · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy1 · Kazakhstan1 · Kosovo5 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia4 · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands3 · Norway3 · Poland · Portugal3 · Romania · Russia1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain1 · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey1 · Ukraine · United Kingdom3 · Vatican City

1 Has part of its territory outside Europe.  2 Entirely in West Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.  3 Has dependencies or similar territories outside Europe. 4 Name disputed by Greece; see Macedonia naming dispute. 5 Declared independence from Serbia on February 17 and is recognised by 43 countries including Taiwan.

v • d • eCountries of North AmericaSeveral nations listed here straddle both North and South Americaor can also be considered CaribbeanSovereign states

Antigua and Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominican Republic · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Trinidad and Tobago · United States

DependenciesDenmarkGreenlandFranceGuadeloupe · Martinique · Saint Barthélemy · Saint Martin · Saint Pierre and Miquelon · ClippertonNetherlandsAruba · Netherlands AntillesUnited KingdomAnguilla · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Montserrat · Turks and Caicos IslandsUnited StatesPuerto Rico · U.S. Virgin Islands
v • d • eCountries and territoriesof Oceania AustralasiaAustralia · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · New Zealand1 · Norfolk Island  MelanesiaEast Timor2 · Fiji · Maluku Islands (Indonesia)2 · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea3 · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu MicronesiaFederated States of Micronesia · Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Nauru · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau  PolynesiaAmerican Samoa · Cook Islands · Easter Island · French Polynesia · Juan Fernández Islands · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna1Often included in Polynesia. 2Often included in Southeast Asia. 3Often included in Australasia.
v • d • eCountries of South AmericaCountries and territories also inor commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americasshown in italics

Sovereign states
Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Uruguay · Venezuela

Dependencies
Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)

v • d • eLists of countrieswith rankings Geography

Area • Coastline • Coast/area ratio • Exclusive Economic Zone • Number of neighbouring countries • Highest point • Lowest point • Northernmost point • Southernmost point

Demographics

Population (graphical • by density) • Population growth • Life expectancy • Sex ratio • Fertility • Infant mortality • Birth rate • Death rate • Suicides (OECD) • Homicides • Firearm-related deaths • Gun ownership • HIV/AIDS • Undernourishment • Literacy • National IQ • Labour force • Employment • Unemployment • Income equality • Poverty • Immigrant population • Human Development Index

GDP

Nominal (per capita) • PPP (per capita • per hour) • Past (nominal • PPP) • Future (nominal • PPP • PPP per capita) • GNI per capita • Growth (real • real per capita) • Sector composition • Demographics comparison

Finances

Current account balance • Foreign exchange reserves • Foreign Direct Investment • Debt (External, Public) • Imports • Exports (per capita)

Energy
Industry

Energy ( consumption • production • intensity) • Natural gas ( consumption • production • reserves • imports • exports) • Oil ( consumption • production • reserves • imports • exports) • Coal ( production • reserves) • Nuclear power • Uranium reserves • Renewable energy ( Hydropower) • Iron production • Steel production • Aluminium production • Zinc production • Automobile production • Industrial growth

Agriculture

Fishing • Milk production • Crops production ( Fruits • Sugar cane • Maize • Wheat • Rice • Potatoes • Sugar beet • Soybean • Barley )

Politics
Society

Freedom • Press freedom • Privacy • Perception of corruption • Bribe paying • Property rights • Economic freedom • Ease of doing business • Economic competitiveness • Globalization • Democracy • Failed States • Date of formation • Student performance • School leaving age • Legal drinking age • Abortion law • Homosexuality laws • Euthanasia law • Death penalty • Quality-of-life

Sports

Olympics ( medals • hosts) • FIFA World Cup ( winners • hosts) • FIFA World Rankings • Ice Hockey World Championship

Military

Size of armed forces • Number of active troops • Military expenditures • Possession of nuclear weapons • Exports of arms • UN peacekeepers currently deployed • Global Peace Index

Communication

Telephone lines • Television sets • Mobile phones • Internet users ( Broadband)  • E-readiness

Transport

Waterways • Merchant marine • Railways • Rail usage • Rapid transit systems • Roadways ( OECD)  • Vehicles • Road fatalities • Airports • Pipelines

Tourism

Tourist visits • World Heritage Sites

Environment

Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita) • Greenhouse gas emissions per capita • GDP per emissions • Sustainability • Environmental Performance • Happy Planet Index


v • d • eLists by countryArticles that include one or more maps are shown in italics. Lists of topics Country articles · portals · categories · topics
Culture · Demography · Economy · Geography · History · Law enforcement · Maps · Politics · Religion · Sport · Country subdivisions · Tourism · TransportCodes Country calling codes · FIPS country codes · Internet TLDs · IOC country codes · ISO country codes · Ship prefixesNames and symbols Adjectives · Country name etymologies · Country native names · Coats of arms · Flags · State mottos · Anthems by country · National emblemsPolitics and
government Election results · Incumbents · Intelligence agencies · National leaders · National legislatures · Political parties (party systems) · Sovereign states · System of government · Member states of the United Nations · Voting systemsOther data by country Abortion law · Airlines · Armed forces · Battles · Cathedrals · Cemeteries · Cities · Colleges and universities · Common family names · Cuisine · Currencies · Death penalty · Education · Emergency contraception · Energy · Football (soccer) · Forex rates · Homosexuality laws · Human rights · Islands · Light-rail transit systems · Music genres · National capitals (historical) · National parks · Newspapers · Novelists · Official languages · People · Railway companies · Schools · School leaving age · World Heritage SitesOther lists Member states of the European Union (by accession · by political system) · Oldest person · Tallest buildings and structures

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ E.g. the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales).
  2. ^ Taipei Times - archives
  3. ^ a b Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia regards it as an integral part of its territory, the formal name of which is "Kosovo and Metohija". It has been under United Nations administration since 1999 under the terms of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 that ended the Kosovo conflict. That resolution reaffirmed the sovereignty of Serbia over Kosovo but required the UN administration to promote the establishment of 'substantial autonomy and self-government' for Kosovo pending a 'final settlement' for negotiation between the parties. See also Constitutional status of Kosovo.
  4. ^ a b The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the Republic of Cyprus, recognized by no UN member states except Turkey. Though without universal diplomatic recognition, it was accepted as an observer state of the Organization of the Islamic Conference in the name of Turkish Cypriot State since 1979. In addition, the legislature of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan, who exercises sovereignty over Nakhichevan, has not followed suit. See The World Factbook - Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  5. ^ a b Abkhazia is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of Georgia, diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. See Regions and territories: Abkhazia (14 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  6. ^ a b Nagorno-Karabakh is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  7. ^ a b Transnistria is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the Republic of Moldova, diplomatically recognized by no UN member states, commonly known and referred to internationally as Transnistria, but sometimes referred to as "Pridnestrovie" (along with the corresponding long-form name "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic"). See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  8. ^ a b Somaliland is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of the Somali Republic, diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  9. ^ a b South Ossetia is a de facto independent state inside the de jure territory of Georgia, diplomatically recognized by no UN member states. See Regions and territories: South Ossetia (14 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  10. ^ The overseas regions/overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion are integral part of France, and therefore not listed.
  11. ^ Argentina is also named Argentine Nation for purposes of legislation.
  12. ^ See also Nagorno-Karabakh.
  13. ^ See also entities Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, as well as District Brčko.
  14. ^ Canada is also infrequently referred to as Dominion of Canada.
  15. ^ The Central African Republic is also infrequently rendered as Central Africa.
  16. ^ The People's Republic of China is commonly referred to as China. It sometimes called mainland China to distinguish it from the Republic of China. The term mainland China is also used at times to refer to all of the People's Republic of China except for its special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao.
  17. ^ The Democratic Republic of the Congo is referred to as Congo-Kinshasa to distinguish it from the Republic of the Congo. It is also often referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
  18. ^ The Republic of the Congo is referred to as Congo-Brazzaville to distinguish it from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  19. ^ See also Northern Cyprus.
  20. ^ The Czech Republic is also infrequently rendered as Czechia. See Names of the Czech Republic.
  21. ^ Falkland Islands is also claimed by Argentina as Islas Malvinas.
  22. ^ See also Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  23. ^ The Bailiwick of Guernsey includes its self-governing dependencies Alderney, Herm and Sark.
  24. ^ Hong Kong is a Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. It is often diplomatically known as Hong Kong, China.
  25. ^ Ireland is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (its official description but not its name). Sometimes this is done to distinguish Ireland from island of Ireland as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for political reasons and is contentious.
  26. ^ The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is popularly known as North Korea.
  27. ^ The Republic of Korea is popularly known as South Korea.
  28. ^ Kyrgyzstan is also sometimes rendered as Kirghizia.
  29. ^ Macao is a Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. It is diplomatically known as Macao, China.
  30. ^ Republic of Macedonia is referred to by UN and a number of countries and international organizations as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
  31. ^ See also Transnistria.
  32. ^ See also Western Sahara.
  33. ^ Legally the Netherlands refers to the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with the latter consisting of the Netherlands and two overseas countries, namely Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles.
  34. ^ The Occupied Palestinian Territories are those portions of the former British Mandate of Palestine captured and administered by Jordan and Egypt in the late 1940s, and later by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. They include Gaza Strip and West Bank, both of which are now divded into 3 areas (Area A, Area B, and Area C) and 16 governorates under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority in accordance with the Oslo Accords. The permanent legal and political status of these places are subject to further negotiation between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization.
  35. ^ See also Kosovo - under UN administration.
  36. ^ Somalia is presently fragmented with its Transitional National Government
  37. ^ Svalbard is an overseas territory of Norway recognized by international treaty.
  38. ^ The Republic of China (ROC) is a state commonly referred to as Taiwan. It is also diplomatically occasionally known as Chinese Taipei or other names. The ROC is no longer a United Nations member since late 1971 and regarded by UN as Taiwan, Province of China (see also One-China policy and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). It is currently recognized by the Holy See and 23 UN member states and with de facto international relations with most others. The political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently under the ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. The ROC should not be confused with the Republic of Taiwan proposed by supporters of Taiwan independence.
  39. ^ Vatican City is administered by a Governor appointed by the Pope, with the latter being the head of the Holy See and that of the Vatican City concurrently.
  40. ^ Western Sahara is a former Spanish colony which was in 1960s put on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories subject to decolonization. It is claimed by the Kingdom of Morocco which currently rules large portion of it, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) which exercises effective control over the area east of Moroccan Wall. SADR is a member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. It is currently recognized by 46 UN member states but has never been admitted to UN itself. UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the mission United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between Morocco and the Polisario Front (the ruling party of SADR). Despite these attempts, however, the legal and political status of Western Sahara remain unresolved. See also Legal status of Western Sahara.

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