Translation

Select text and it is translated.
This area is result which is translated word.

Languages

List of Roman Emperors

For a simplified list see: Concise list of Roman Emperors

This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled, or claimed to rule, all or part of the Roman Empire, until the final demise of the Western Empire in 476 or to the death of the last Latin-speaking emperor Justinian I in 565.

Note that Julius Caesar does not appear in the list. His position as Dictator is considered a continuation of the Roman Republic. For a more in-depth discussion of whether or not Julius Caesar might have been considered as the first emperor, see Roman Emperor.

For the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god, see Imperial cult.

The titles conferred on, or assumed by the Emperor, indicated in the Imperial name and Notes columns in the table include:
Imperator: 'Victorious Commander given power by the gods'
Pater Patriae: 'Father of the Fatherland'
Pontifex Maximus: 'Greatest Pontiff' (lit. Bridge-builder)

Key (for columns showing names in Latin):
italics: claimant who cannot be considered to have ruled, or who held power over part of the empire only
bold: name by which the individual is commonly known
bold italics: nickname by which the individual is commonly known (unless a claimant)

Contents

Principate

Main article: Principate

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Main article: Julio-Claudian dynasty
Reign Common Name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 16 January27 BCto 19 AugustAD 14Augustus
RomeGAIVS OCTAVIVS

GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR OCTAVIANVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS 12BC: Pontifex Maximus
Possibly assassinated by poisoning 19 August14to 16 March37Tiberius
RomeTIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO

TIBERIVS IVLIVS CAESAR TIBERIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS 15: Pontifex Maximus
Possibly assassinated by suffocation. Emperor during the time of Jesus Christ. 18 March37to 24 January41Caligula
Antium, ItaliaGAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS

GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS CALIGVLA GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS Nickname Caligula, (Little-boots); 37: Pontifex Maximus, Pater Patriae;
Assassinated 24 January41to 13 October54Claudius
Lugdunum, Gallia LugdunensisTIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS

TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS NERO GERMANICVS TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS CAESAR AUGUSTUS GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS 42: Pater Patriae;
Suggested assassinated by poisoning October 54to 11 June68Nero
Antium, ItaliaLVCIVS DOMITIVS AHENOBARBVS

NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS GERMANICVS

NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS 55: Pontifex Maximus; later Pater Patriae;
Committed suicide (from summer AD66):-
IMPERATOR NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS

Year of the four emperors

Main article: Year of the four emperors
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 8 June68to 15 January69Galba
near Terracina, ItaliaSERVIVS SVLPICIVS GALBA SERVIVS GALBA IMPERATOR CAESAR AVGVSTVS Murdered by Otho;
see: Year of the four emperors15 January69to 16 April69Otho
Ferentinum, Etruria, ItaliaMARCVS SALVIVS OTHO IMPERATOR MARCVS OTHO CAESAR AVGVSTVS Committed suicide;
see: Year of the four emperors17 April69to 20 December69Vitellius
RomeAVLVS VITELLIVS AVLVS VITELLIVS GERMANICVS IMPERATOR AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; murdered in the Forum;
see: Year of the four emperors

Flavian dynasty

Main article: Flavian dynasty
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 1 July69to 24 June79Vespasian
Falacrine, ItaliaTITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS IMPERATOR VESPASIANVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae
co-emperor;
see: Year of the four emperors24 June79to 13 September81Titus
RomeTITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS

TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae from August 69
IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS 14 September81to 18 September96Domitian
RomeTITVS FLAVIVS DOMITIANVS
CAESAR DOMITIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS, PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE late 83: Germanicus;
assassinated

Five Good Emperors

Main article: Five Good Emperors
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 18 September96to 27 January98Nerva
Narni(?), ItaliaMARCVS COCCEIVS NERVA IMPERATOR NERVA CAESAR AVGVSTVS, PATER PATRIAE buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, the final emperor consecrated there 28 January98to 7 August117Trajan
Italica, Hispania BaeticaMARCVS VLPIVS TRAIANVS

MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI NERVAE FILIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS AVGVSTVS 98: Pater Patriae; 102: Dacicus; 114: Parthicus; Aug/Sep 114: Optimus 11 August117to 10 July138Hadrian
Italica, Hispania Baetica(?) / Rome(?) PVBLIVS AELIVS HADRIANVS

PVBLIVS AELIVS TRAIANVS HADRIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS   10 July138to 7 March161Antoninus Pius
near Lanuvium, ItaliaTITVS AVRELIVS FVLVVS BOIONIVS ARRIVS ANTONINVS

IMPERATOR TITVS AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS post7 March161: Pius; 139: Pater Patriae 143Acclaimed emperor a second time 7 March161to 17 March180Marcus Aurelius
Rome(?) / Ucubi, Hispania Baetica(?) MARCVS ANNIVS VERVS
AVRELIVS CAESAR AVGVSTI PII FILIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS co-emperor with Lucius Verusto March 169; 164: Armeniacus Medicus Parthicus Maximus; 166: Pater Patriae; 172: Germanicus; 175: Sarmaticus 7 March161to March 169Lucius Verus
RomeLVCIVS CEIONIVS COMMODVS

LVCIVS AELIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS VERVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius164: Armeniacus; 165: Parthicus Maximus; 166: Medicus, Pater Patriae 175Avidius Cassius
Cyrrhus, SyriaGAIVS AVIDIVS CASSIVS   Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion 177to 31 December192Commodus
Lanuvium, ItaliaLVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS

LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS CAESAR ANTONINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE Co-emperor with Marcus Aureliusto 17 March180; from 180IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE Sole emperor. Murdered: strangled by a wrestler

Severan dynasty

Main article: Severan dynasty family tree
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 1 January193to 28 March193Pertinax
Alba, ItaliaPVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine 28 March193to 1 June193Didius Julianus
Milan, ItaliaMARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine 9 April193to 4 February211Septimius Severus
Leptis Magna, AfricaLVCIVS SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS SEPTIMVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL 9 June193: Pontifex Maximus; late193: Pater Patriae; 195: Divi Marci Pii filius Divi Commodi Frater; Pius; Arabicus, Adiabenicus; 198: Parthicus Maximus; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus; Dies in York, 211. 193to 194/195Pescennius Niger
?, ItaliaGAIVS PESCENNIVS NIGER   Claimant: emperor in Syria 193/195to 197Clodius Albinus
?, AfricaDECIMVS CLODIVS SEPTIMIVS ALBINVS   Claimant: emperor in Britain 198to 4 April217Caracalla
Lugdunum, Gallia LugdunensisLVCIVS SEPTIMIVS BASSIANVS
CARACALLA IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ANTONINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS 199: Pater Patriae; 200: Pius Felix; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus 4 February211to 8 February217IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS PROCONSVL 213: Germanicus Maximus;
Murdered by Macrinus209to 4 February211Geta
RomePVBLIVS SEPTIMVS GETA   Murdered by Caracalla4 February211to December 211IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA AVGVSTVS 11 April217to June 218Macrinus
Iol Caesarea, MauretaniaMARCVS OPELLIVS MACRINVS IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS FELIX PROCONSVL ?June 217: Pater Patriae; Pontifex Maximus;
Executed May 217to June 218Diadumenian
? MARCVS OPELLIVS DIADVMENIANVS IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS ANTONINVS DIADVMENIANVS CAESAR SEVERVS Executed June 218to 222Elagabalus
Emesa, SyriaVARIVS AVITVS BASSIANVS

MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS
ELAGABALVS IMPERATOR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL July 218: Pater Patriae, Pontifex Maximus; 220: Sacerdos Amplissimus Dei Invicti Solis Elagabali
Assassinated 13 March222to ?March 235Alexander Severus
Arca Caesarea, IudaeaBASSIANVS ALEXIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ALEXANDER PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Pontifex Maximus
Assassinated

Crisis of the Third Century

Emperors during the height of the Crisis

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes February/March 235to March/April 238Maximinus Thrax
Serbia- Thraceor MoesiaGAIVS IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS THRAX IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS JVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by troops early January/March 238to late January/April 238Gordian I
possibly PhrygiaMARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Committed suicide early January March 238to late January/April 238Gordian II
? MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Killed in battle early February 238to early May 238Pupienus Maximus
? MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by the Praetorians early February 238to early May 238Balbinus
? DECIMVS CAELIVS ANTONIVS BALBINVS

DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS BALBINVS   Murdered by the Praetorians May 238to February 244Gordian III
RomeMARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS

MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS PIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered 240Sabinianus
?     Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle February 244to September/October 249Philip the Arab
Shahba, SyriaMARCVS IVLIVS PHILLIPVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS PHILLIPVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle by Decius248Pacatianus
? TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS MARINVS PACATIANVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers 248Iotapianus
some place at Near EastMARCVS FVLVIVS RVFVS IOTAPIANVS   Claimant; killed by his own soldiers 248Silbannacus
?     Usurper ; death unknown 249to June 251Decius
Budalia, Lower PannoniaGAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle 249to 252Priscus
possibly Damascus, SyriaGAIVS IVLIVS PRISCVS   Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces ; murdered 250Licinianus
? IVLIVS VALENS LICINIANVS   Claimant; murdered early 251to 1 July251Herennius Etruscus
PannoniaQVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR QVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle 251Hostilian
? CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallus, died of the plague June 251to August 253Trebonianus Gallus
ItaliaGAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers July 251to August 253Volusianus
? GAIVS VIBIVS VOLVSIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS AFINIVS GALLVS VELDVMNIANVS VOLVSIANVS AVGVSTVS Son and co-ruler of Trebonianus Gallus. Murdered by his own soldiers August 253to October 253Aemilianus
AfricaMARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers 253to June 260Valerian
? PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity 253to September 268Gallienus
? PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Valerian253to 260; murdered 260Saloninus
? PVBLIVS LICINIVS CORNELIVS SALONINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CORNELIVS LICINIVS SALONINVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallienus; murdered 258or June 260Ingenuus
?     Proclaimed himself emperor; killed in battle 260Regalianus
? PVBLIVS C[AIVS] REGALIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; killed by his own people 260to 261Macrianus Major
? FVLVIVS MACRIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle 260to 261Macrianus Minor
? TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS MACRIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle 260to 261Quietus
? TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS QVIETVS   Claimant; murdered 261to 261or 262Mussius Aemilianus
? LVCIVS MVSSIVS AEMILIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; strangled while being held captive 268to 268Aureolus
? MANIVS ACILIVS AVREOLVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus; killed by Praetorian Guard

Gallic Empire (260-274)

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 260to 269Postumus
GaulMARCVS CASSIANIVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS Postumus|IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CASSIANVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered 269Laelianus
possibly HispaniaVLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed himself emperor of the Gallic Empire 269Marius
? MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered 269to 271Victorinus
? MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered 270to 271Domitianus
?   IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire271to 274Tetricus I
? CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS  

Illyrian Emperors

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 268to August 270Claudius II Gothicus
Sirmium, Pannoniaor Dardania, MoesiaMARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS CLAVDIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Died of plague August 270to September 270Quintillus
Serbia- Sirmium, Pannoniaor Dardania, MoesiaMARCVS AVRELIVS QVINTILLVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS INVICTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Briefly Co-emperor with Aurelian; committed suicide August 270to 275Aurelian
Daciaor possibly Sirmium, PannoniaLVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by the Praetorian Guard271Septimius
?     Proclaimed emperor in Dalmatia; killed by his own soldiers November/December 275to July 276Tacitus
Interamna, ItaliaMARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered July 276to September 276Florianus
? MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered July 276to late September 282Probus
Sirmium, PannoniaMARCVS AVRELIVS EQVITIVS PROBVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers 280Saturninus
GaulIVLIVS SATVRNINVS   Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers 280Proculus
Albingaunum, Italia    Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus280Bonosus
HispaniaGALLVS QVINTVS BONOSVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probusand committed suicide September 282to July/August 283Carus
probably Narbo, GaulMARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS CARVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Uncertain cause of death; disease, lightninginjury, a woundreceived in battle against the Hunsand murderby the Praetorian Guardhave all been suggested spring 283to summer 285Carinus
? MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Numerian; Murdered July/August 283to November 284Numerian
? MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS NVMERIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Carinus

Dominate

Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 20 November284to 1 May305Diocletian
Dioclea, DalmatiaDIOCLES
(full name not known)

GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS IOVIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL Co-emperor with Maximian; 285: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 286: Iovius; 287: Germanicus Maximus; 295: Persicus Maximus; 297: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 298: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus
Abdicated 1 April286to 1 May305Maximian
Serbia- near Sirmium, PannoniaMAXIMIANVS
(full name not known)

MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Diocletian; 286: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 287: Iovius; 288: Germanicus Maximus; 294: Persicus Maximus; 298: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 299: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus;
Forced to abdicate 1 May305to 25 July306Constantius I Chlorus
Serbia- Dardania, MoesiaFLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS

CHLORVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS   Dies in York, 306. 1 May305to May 311Galerius
Serbia-near Serdica, Dacia AurelianaCAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Severus II; Dies of terrible illness August 306to 16 September307Severus II
? FLAVIVS VALERIVS SEVERVS IMPERATOR SEVERVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Galerius; Murdered or forced to commit suicide in captivity 28 October306to 28 October312Maxentius
? MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Dies in battle by drowning in the Tiber 307to 308Maximian
near Sirmium, PannoniaMAXIMIANVS
(full name not known)

MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS HERCVLIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS SARMATICVS MAXIMVS IOVIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PERSICVS MAXIMVS BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS CARPICVS MAXIMVS ARMENICVS MAXIMVS MEDICVS MAXIMVS ADIABENICVS MAXIMVS Abdicated; Forced to commit suicide 307to 22 May337Constantine I
Serbia- Naissus, Moesia SuperiorGAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL 307: Germanicus Maximus; 312: Maximus; 323: Sarmaticus Maximus; 324: Victor substituting Invictus; 328: Gothicus Maximus; 336:Dacicus Maximus 308Domitius Alexander
probably PhrygiaLVCIVS DOMITIVS ALEXANDER   Proclaimed himself emperor; Executed 11 November308to 18 September324Licinius
Serbia- Moesia SuperiorVALERIVS LICINIANVS LICINIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VALERIVS LICINIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325) 1 May310to July/August 313Maximinus Daia
Dacia AurelianaDAIA

MAXIMINVS GAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; committed suicide December 316to 1 March317Valerius Valens
? AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS IMPERATOR CAESAR AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Licinius; executed by Constantine IJuly to 18 September324Martinianus
? SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Licinius; executed early 325337to 340Constantine II
Arles, GaulFLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed in battle 337to 361Constantius II
Sirmium, PannoniaFLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; Dies of illness 337to 350Constans
? FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS Constans|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed by MagnentiusJanuary 350to 11 August353Magnentius
Samarobriva, GaulFLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGNENTIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGENTIVS AVGVSTVS Usurper; committed suicide c. 350Vetranio
? not known   Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius, recognized by Constantius II. c. 350Nepotianus
?     Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius. November 361to June 363Julian
Constantinople, ThraciaFLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS Julian the Apostate|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS Mystery surrounds his death. During a skirmish with the Sassanidshe is wounded by a javelin. Whether the missle was from the enemy or a christian soldier in his army have both been attested. Regardless he died of his wound soon after. 363to 17 February364Jovian
Serbia- Singidunum, MoesiaFLAVIVS IOVIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IOVIANVS AVGVSTVS Died accidentally, suffocated in his sleep

Britannic Empire (286-297)

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 286to 293Carausius
Gallia BelgicaMARCVS AVRELIVS MAVSAEVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CARAVSIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS   293to 297Allectus
? not known IMPERATOR CAESAR ALLECTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS  

Valentinian dynasty

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 26 February364to 17 November375Valentinian I
Cibalae, PannoniaFLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Emperor in the west. 28 March364to 9 August378Valens
Cibalae, PannoniaFLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Emperor in the east. Killed in battle September 365to 27 May366Procopius
Cilicia    Usurper; executed by Valens24 August367to 383Gratian
Sirmium, PannoniaFLAVIVS GRATIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS GRATIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Assassinated 375to 392Valentinian II
Milan, ItaliaFLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances 383to 388Magnus Maximus
HispaniaMAGNVS MAXIMVS   Usurper in the west; once recognised by Theodosius I, then deposed and executed c.386to 388Flavius Victor
? FLAVIVS VICTOR   Son of Magnus Maximus, murdered on order of Theodosius I392to 394Eugenius
? FLAVIVS EVGENIVS   Usurper in the west; killed in battle

Theodosian dynasty

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 379to 17 January395Theodosius I
Cauca, HispaniaFLAVIVS THEODOSIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; emperor in the east from 379383to January 395Arcadius
? FLAVIVS ARCADIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ARCADIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Becoming Emperor in the East January 39523 January393to 395Honorius
? FLAVIVS HONORIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS HONORIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Becoming Emperor in the West

Western Empire

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession Imperial name Notes 395to 15 August423Honorius
? FLAVIVS HONORIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS HONORIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Constantius III(421) 407to 411Constantine III
? FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS   Claimant 409to 411Constans II
?     Claimant, co-ruler with Constantine III409to 411Maximus
Hispania    Claimant, ruling on Hispania409to 410Priscus Attalus
?   IMPERATOR CAESAR PRISCVS ATTALVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed emperor by the Visigoths411to 413Jovinus
Gaul    Claimant 412to 413Sebastianus
Gaul    Claimant, co-ruler with Jovinus 414to 415Priscus Attalus
?   IMPERATOR CAESAR PRISCVS ATTALVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed emperor by the Visigoths421Constantius III
Serbia- Naissus, Moesia SuperiorFLAVIVS CONSTANTIVS   Co-emperor with Honorius423to 425Joannes
? IOHANNES   Claimant 425to 16 March455Valentinian III
Ravenna, ItaliaFLAVIVS PLACIDVS VALENTINIANVS     17 March455to 31 May455Petronius Maximus
? FLAVIVS PETRONIVS MAXIMVS     June 455to 17 October456Avitus
? MARCVS MAECILIVS FLAVIVS EPARCHIVS AVITVS     457to 2 August461Majorian
? IVLIVS VALERIVS MAIORIANVS   Abdicated 461to 465Libius Severus
Lucania, ItaliaLIBIVS SEVERVS     12 April467to 11 July472Anthemius
? PROCOPIVS ANTHEMIVS   Executed July 472to 2 November472Olybrius
? ANICIVS OLYBRIVS     5 March473to June 474Glycerius
?     Abdicated June 474to 25 April480Julius Nepos
?     Emperor in the West until 475, deposed by Orestes; fled; From 476 recognised by Odoacer; murdered 480 31 October475to 4 September476Romulus Augustus

Romulus Augustulus
? FLAVIVS ROMVLVS

ROMVLVS AVGVSTVS   Deposed by Odoacer; fate unknown.
Further information: Barbarian kings of Italy

Eastern Empire to 565

Further information: List of Byzantine emperors
Reign Incumbent & Birthplace Portrait Personal name Imperial name Notes 395to 1 May408Arcadius
? FLAVIVS ARCADIVS 408to 28 July450Theodosius II
? FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS 450to 457Marcian
Thraceor IllyriaFLAVIVS MARCIANIVS 457to 474Leo I
? FLAVIVS VALERIVS LEO 474to 474Leo II
? TARASICODISSEVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS LEO AVGVSTVS 474to 475and 476(restoration) to 491Zeno
Isauria, CiliciaIMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ZENO AVGVSTVS 475to 476Basiliscus
? FLAVIVS BASILISCVS 491to 518Anastasius
Dyrrhachium IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ANASTASIVS AVGVSTVS 518to 527Justin I
? IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVSTINVS AVGVSTVS 527to 565Justinian
Serbia-TauresiumFLAVIVS PETRVS SABBATIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVSTINIANVS AVGVSTVS Re-conquered large parts of the Western Empire

References

  • Chris Scarre, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors, Thames & Hudson, 1995, Reprinted 2001, ISBN 0-500-05077-5
  • Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Penguin Classics, Michael Grant Publications Ltd, 1971, Reprinted 1985, ISBN 0-14-044060-7
  • Martha Ross, Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol.1 Earliest Times to 1491, Bowker, 1978, ISBN 0-85935-021-5
  • Clive Carpenter, The Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Guinness Superlatives Ltd, 1978, ISBN 0-900424-46-X
  • R.F.Tapsell, Monarchs Rulers Dynasties and Kingdoms of The World, Thames & Hudson, 1981, Reprinted 1987, ISBN 0-500-27337-5

See also

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Roman Emperors


Roman Emperorsby Epoch see also: List of Roman Emperors · Concise list of Roman Emperors· Roman EmpirePrincipateCrisis of the 3rd centuryDominateDivisionSuccessors
Categories: Roman emperors | Lists of monarchs | Ancient Rome lists | Roman Empire

Link former page on this page

Related word on this page

Related Shopping on this page