List of Captains Regent of San Marino
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The Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti) of San Marino are elected every six months by the small country's Grand and General Council. The pair serve as heads of state and government. Normally the Regents are chosen from opposing parties. They serve a six-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on April 1 and October 1 every year.
The practice of dual heads of government is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome.
YearSemester[1]Captain Regent Captain Regent 1900April Domenico FattoriAntonio Righi 1900 October Giovanni Bonelli Pietro Ugolini 1901April Luigi Tonnini Marino Nicolini 1901 October Antonio BelluzziPasquale Busignani 1902April Onofrio Fattori Egidio Ceccoli 1902 October Gemino Gozi Giacomo Marcucci 1903April Federico GoziNullo Balducci 1903 October Marino Borbiconi Francesco Marcucci 1904April Menetto Bonelli Vincenzo Mularoni 1904 October Luigi Tonnini Gustavo Babboni 1905April Antonio BelluzziPasquale Busignani 1905 October Onofrio Fattori Piermatteo Carattoni 1906April Giovanni Belluzzi Pietro Francini 1906 October Alfredo Reffi Giovanni Arzilli 1907April Ciro Belluzzi Francesco Pasquali 1907 October Giuseppe Angeli Francesco Valli 1908April Menetto Bonelli Gustavo Babboni 1908 October Olinto Amati Raffaele Michetti 1909April Luigi Tonnini Domenico Suzzi Valli 1909 October Marino Borbiconi Giacomo Marcucci 1910April Alfredo Reffi Giovanni Arzilli 1910 October Giovanni Belluzzi Luigi Lonfernini1911April Moro Morri Cesare Stacchini 1911 October Onofrio Fattori Angelo Manzoni Borghesi 1912April Gustavo Babboni Francesco Pasquali 1912 October Menetto Bonelli Vincenzo Marcucci 1913April Giuseppe AngeliIgnazio Grazia 1913 October Cirro Belluzzi Domenico Suzzi Valli 1914April Domenico FattoriFerruccio Martelli 1914 October Olinto Amati Cesare Stacchini 1915April Moro Morri Antonio Burgagni 1915 October Alfredo Reffi Luigi Lonfernini1916April Onofrio Fattori Ciro Francini 1916 October Gustavo Babboni Giovanni Arzilli 1917April Egisto Morri Vincenzo Marcucci 1917 October Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Giuseppe Balducci 1918April Ferruccio Martelli Ermenegildo Mularoni 1918 October Protogene Belloni Francesco Morri 1919April Domenico Vicini Pietro Suzzi Valli 1919 October Moro Morri Francesco Pasquali 1920April Marino Rossi Ciro Francini 1920 Dec. 5 Carlo Balsimelli Simone Michelotti 1921April Marino Della Balda Vincenzo Francini 1921 October Egisto Morri Giuseppe Lanci 1922April Eugenio Reffi Giovanni Arzilli 1922 October Onofrio Fattori Giuseppe Balducci 1923April Giuliano GoziFilippo Mularoni 1923 October Marino Borbiconi Mario Michetti 1924April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Francesco Mularoni 1924 October Francesco Morri Girolamo Gozi 1925April Marino Fattori Augusto Mularoni 1925 October Valerio Pasquali Marco Marcucci 1926April Manlio Gozi Giuseppe Mularoni 1926 October Giuliano GoziRuggero Morri 1927April Gino Gozi Marino Morri 1927 October Marino Rossi Nelson Burgagni 1928April Domenico Suzzi Valli Francesco Pasquali 1928 October Francesco Morri Melchiorre Filippi 1929April Girolamo Gozi Filippo Mularoni 1929 October Ezio Balducci Aldo Busignani 1930April Manlio Gozi Marino Lonfernini (died September 10, replaced September 16 by Turiddu Foschi) 1930 October Valerio Pasquali Gino Ceccoli 1931April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Francesco Mularoni 1931 October Domenico Suzzi Valli Marino Morri 1932April Giuliano GoziPompeo Righi 1932 October Gino Gozi Ruggero Morri 1933April Francesco Morri Settimio Belluzzi 1933 October Carlo Balsimelli Melchiorre Filippi 1934April Marino Rossi Giovanni Lonfernini (I) 1934 October Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Marino Michelotti 1935April Federico GoziSalvatore Foschi 1935 October Pompeo Righi Marino Morri 1936April Gino Gozi Ruggero Morri 1936 October Francesco Morri Gino Ceccoli 1937April Giuliano GoziSettimio Belluzzi 1937 October Marino Rossi Giovanni Lonfernini (I) 1938April Manlio Gozi Luigi Mularoni 1938 October Carlo Balsimelli Celio Gozi 1939April Pompeo Righi Marino Morri 1939 October Marino Michelotti Orlando Reffi 1940April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Filippo Mularoni 1940 October Federico GoziSalvatore Foschi 1941April Gino Gozi Secondo Menicucci 1941 October Giuliano GoziGiovanni Lonfernini (I) 1942April Settimio Belluzzi Celio Gozi 1942 October Carlo Balsimelli Renato Martelli 1943April Marino Michelotti Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi 1943 October Marino Della Balda Sante Lonfernini 1944April Francesco Balsimelli Sanzio Valentini 1944 October Teodoro Lonfernini Leonida Suzzi Valli 1945April Alvaro Casali Vittorio Valentini 1945 October Ferruccio Martelli Secondo Fiorini 1946April Giuseppe Forcellini Vincenzo Pedini 1946 October Filippo Martelli Luigi Montironi 1947April Marino Della Balda Luigi Zafferani 1947 October Domenico Forcellini Mariano Ceccoli 1948April Arnaldo Para Giuseppe Renzi 1948 October Giordano Giacomini Domenico Tomassoni 1949April Ferruccio Martelli Primo Bugli 1949 October Vincenzo Pedini Agostino Biordi 1950April Giuseppe Forcellini Primo Taddei 1950 October Marino Della Balda Luigi Montironi 1951April Alvaro Casali Romolo Giacomini 1951 October Domenico Forcellini Giovanni Terenzi 1952April Domenico Morganti Mariano Ceccoli 1952 October Arnaldo Para Eugenio Bernardini 1953April Vincenzo Pedini Alberto Reffi 1953 October Giordano Giacomini Giuseppe Renzi 1954April Giuseppe Forcellini Secondo Fiorini 1954 October Agostino Giacomini Luigi Montironi 1955April Domenico Forcellini Vittorio Meloni 1955 October Primo Bugli Giuseppe Maiani 1956April Mario Nanni Enrico Andreoli 1956 October Mariano Ceccoli Eugenio Bernardini 1957April Giordano Giacomini Primo Marani 1957 Oct. 10 Provisional Government: Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Pietro Giancecchi, Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti 1957 Oct. 27 Marino Valdes Franciosi Federico Micheloni 1958April Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti Stelio Montironi 1958 October Domenico Forcellini Pietro Reffi 1959April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Agostino Biordi 1959 October Giuseppe Forcellini Ferruccio Piva 1960April Alvaro Casali Gino Vannucci 1960 October Eugenio Reffi Pietro Giancecchi 1961April Federico Micheloni Giancarlo Ghironzi 1961 October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Pio Galassi 1962April Domenico Forcellini Francesco Valli 1962 October Antonio Maria Morganti Agostino Biordi 1963April Leonida Suzzi Valli Stelio Montironi 1963 October Giovan Luigi Franciosi Domenico Bollini 1964April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Eusebio Reffi 1964 October Giuseppe Micheloni Pier Marino Mularoni 1965April Ferruccio Piva Federico Carattoni 1965 October Alvaro Casali Pietro Reffi 1966April Francesco Valli Emilio Della Balda 1966 October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Francesco Maria Francini 1967April Vittorio Rossini Alberto Lonfernini 1967 October Domenico Forcellini Romano Michelotti 1968April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Dante Rossi 1968 October Pietro Giancecchi Aldo Zavoli 1969April Ferruccio Piva Stelio Montironi 1969 October Alvaro Casali Giancarlo Ghironzi 1970April Francesco Valli Eusebio Reffi 1970 October Simone Rossini Giuseppe Lonfernini 1971April Luigi LonferniniAttilio Montanari 1971 October Federico Carattoni Marino Vagnetti 1972April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Giuseppe Micheloni 1972 October Rosolino Martelli Bruno Casali 1973April Francesco Maria Francini Primo Bugli 1973 October Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari Giovan Luigi Franciosi 1974April Ferruccio Piva Giordano Bruno Reffi 1974 October Francesco Valli Enrico Andreoli 1975April Alberto Cecchetti Michele Righi 1975 October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Giuseppe Della Balda 1976April Clelio Galassi Marino Venturini 1976 October Primo Bugli Virgilio Cardelli 1977April Alberto Lonfernini Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari 1977 October Giordano Bruno Reffi Tito Masi 1978April Francesco Valli Enrico Andreoli 1978 October Ermenegildo Gasperoni Adriano Reffi 1979April Marino Bollini Lino Celli 1979 October Giuseppe AmiciGermano De Biagi 1980April Pietro Chiaruzzi Primo Marani 1980 October Giancarlo Berardi Rossano Zafferani 1981April Gastone Pasolini Maria Lea Pedini Angelini 1981 October Mario RossiUbaldo Biordi 1982April Giuseppe Maiani Marino Venturini 1982 October Libero Barulli Maurizio Gobbi 1983April Adriano Reffi Massimo Roberto Rossini 1983 October Renzo Renzi Germano De Biagi 1984April Gloriana Ranocchini Giorgio Crescentini 1984 October Marino Bollini Giuseppe Amici1985April Enzo Colombini Severiano Tura 1985 October Pier Paolo Gasperoni Ubaldo Biordi 1986April Marino Venturini Ariosto Maiani 1986 October Giuseppe ArzilliMaurizio Tomassoni 1987April Renzo Renzi Carlo Franciosi 1987 October Rossano Zafferani Gian Franco Terenzi1988April Umberto Barulli Rosolino Martelli 1988 October Luciano Cardelli Reves Salvatori 1989April Mauro Fiorini Marino Vagnetti 1989 October Gloriana Ranocchini Leo Achilli 1990April Adolmiro Bartolini Ottaviano Rossi 1990 October Cesare Antonio GasperoniRoberto Bucci 1991April Domenico Bernardini Claudio Podeschi 1991 October Edda Ceccoli Marino Riccardi1992April Germano De Biagi Ernesto Benedettini 1992 October Romeo Morri Marino Zanotti 1993April Patrizia Busignani Salvatore Tonelli 1993 October Gian Luigi Berti Paride Andreoli 1994April Alberto Cecchetti Fausto Mularoni 1994 October Renzo Ghiotti Luciano Ciavatta 1995April Marino Bollini Settimio Lonfernini 1995 October Pier Natalino Mularoni Marino Venturini 1996April Pier Paolo Gasperoni Pietro Bugli 1996 October Maurizio Rattini Giancarlo Venturini 1997April Paride Andreoli Pier Marino Mularoni 1997 October Luigi Mazza Marino Zanotti 1998April Alberto Cecchetti Loris Francini1998 October Pietro Berti Paolo Bollini1999April Antonello BacciocchiRosa Zafferani1999 October Marino Bollini Giuseppe Arzilli2000April Maria Domenica MichelottiGian Marco Marcucci2000 October Gian Franco TerenziEnzo Colombini 2001April Luigi LonferniniFabio Berardi2001 October Alberto Cecchetti Gino Giovagnoli 2002April Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari Giovanni Francesco Ugolini 2002 October Mauro Chiaruzzi Giuseppe Maria Morganti 2003April Pier Marino Menicucci Giovanni Giannoni 2003 October Giovanni Lonfernini (II)Valeria Ciavatta2004April Paolo BolliniMarino Riccardi2004 October Giuseppe ArzilliRoberto Raschi2005April Fausta MorgantiCesare Gasperoni2005 October Claudio MuccioliAntonello Bacciocchi2006April Gianfranco TerenziLoris Francini2006 October Antonio CarattoniRoberto Giorgetti2007April Alessandro ManciniAlessandro Rossi2007 October Mirko TomassoniAlberto Selva2008April Rosa ZafferaniFederico Pedini AmatiNotes
- ^ The six-month term of the captains regent starts on the first day of the month listed (April 1, October 1), unless another date is indicated.
See also
- Politics of San Marino
- List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700-1900
- List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500-1700
- List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243-1500
1 Entirely in Southwest Asia; included here because of cultural, political and historical association with Europe. 2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia.
3 Mostly in Asia.Link former page on this page
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