Joe Louis

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For other uses, see Joe Louis (disambiguation). Joe Louis Statistics Real name Joseph Louis Barrow Rated at HeavyweightHeight 6'1" Reach 193 cm(76 in) Nationality AmericanBirth date 13 May 1914(1914-05-13) Birth place La Fayette, Alabama,
USADeath date 12 April 1981(aged 66) Death place Las Vegas, Nevada,
USAStance Orthodox Boxing record Total fights 72 Wins 69 Wins by KO 55 Losses 3 Draws 0 No contests 0

Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981), best known as Joe Louis and nicknamed The Brown Bomber, a long-time resident of Detroit, Michigan, is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight boxing champions who has ever lived. He was praised and loved by America, until the day of his death. He held the title for over 11 years, recording 25 successful defenses of the title. In 2003, Ring Magazine rated Joe Louis No. 1 on the list of 100 greatest punchers of all time. In 2005, Louis was named the greatest heavyweight of all time by the International Boxing Research Organization.[1] He participated in 27 heavyweight championship fights, a record which still stands.

In the turbulent era before World War II, he became a national hero for both black and white America.

1 Biography
2 Legacy
- 2.1 Commemoration
3 Trivia
4 Career record
5 See also
6 References
- 6.1 Notes
7 External links

Biography

Early life and career of Joe Louis

Joseph Louis Barrow was born on May 13, 1914, in La Fayette, Alabama, the seventh son out of eight children. The grandson of slaves,and son of Barry jerry Barrow, a sharecropper, and Lilly Louis, he had a successful and lucrative amateur career which he ended with winning Michigan's Golden Gloves title. He turned professional in 1934, making his debut on July 4 of that year, knocking out Jack Kracken in the first round at Chicago, Illinois. He won 12 fights that year, all in Chicago, 10 by knockout. Among his opponents in 1934 were Art Sykes and Stanley Poreda.

Originally, Joe's trainer, Jack Blackburn, wanted him to only fight other African-American boxers. Joe decided to ignore this advice and fought white boxers as well.

Ascendance

Louis vs. Schmeling, 1936

In 1935, Louis fought 13 times, creating an extraordinary sensation. He knocked out his first world champion, former world heavyweight champion, the 6'6' 265 pound Primo Carnera, in six rounds. Louis then knocked out the iron-chinned former heavyweight champion Max Baer in four rounds. Before losing to Louis, Baer had been knocked down only once, by Frankie Campbell. Such a dedicated boxer was Louis that he married Marva Trotter two hours before his fight with Baer, won the fight and then began his wedding night. Louis also knocked out Paolino Uzcudun, who had never been knocked down or out before Louis KO'd him.

In his next fight, he was matched with former world heavyweight champion Max Schmeling. Although not considered a threat, the German had studied Louis' style intently, and believed he had found a weakness. By exploiting Louis' habit of dropping his left low after a jab, Schmeling handed Louis his first loss by knocking him out in round 12 in Yankee stadium.

Louis, despite the loss, was awarded a title shot by champion James J. Braddock after negotiations with Madison Square Gardens number 1 contender Schmeling broke down. Braddock, looking to retire on a large payoff, was promised a more lucrative fight with the Brown Bomber after Louis bounced back up the pecking order by knocking out former champion Jack Sharkey.

Schmeling (and the German government) were furious, and insisted that a win over highly ranked Sharkey did not reverse the Louis defeat by Schmeling, which was considered a title eliminator. The matter was settled in court, and Madison Square Garden and Schmeling lost. The fight was staged in Chicago, and Braddock's heavyweight championship would be up for grabs. Despite a knock down in round 1, Louis defeated the "Cinderella Man" by KO in round 8. Joe Louis was heavyweight champion of the world.

The Louis-Schmeling Fight, 1938

The rematch between Joe Louis and Max Schmeling is one of the most famous boxing matches of all time, and is remembered as one of the major sports events of the 20th century. Following his defeat of Louis in 1936, Schmeling became a national hero in Germany. Schmeling's victory over an African-American man was touted by Nazi officials as proof of their doctrine of "Aryan superiority."

When the rematch was scheduled, Louis retreated to his boxing camp in upstate New York and trained incessantly for the fight. A few weeks before the fight, Louis visited the White House, where President Franklin D. Roosevelt told him, "Joe, we need muscles like yours to beat Germany." Louis later wrote in his autobiography, "I knew I had to get Schmeling good. I had my own personal reasons and the whole damned country was depending on me."

When Schmeling arrived in New York in June, 1938, for the rematch, he was accompanied by a Nazi party publicist who issued statements that a black man could not defeat Schmeling, and that when Schmeling won, his prize money would be used to build tanks in Germany. Schmeling's hotel was picketed by anti-Nazi protesters in the days before the fight.

On the night of June 22, 1938, Louis and Schmeling met for the second time in the boxing ring. The fight was held in Yankee Stadium before a crowd of 70,043. It was broadcast by radio to millions of listeners throughout the world, with radio announcers reporting on the fight in English, German, Spanish, and Portuguese. Before the bout, Schmeling weighed in at 193 pounds; Louis weighed in at 198¾ pounds.

The fight lasted two minutes and four seconds. Louis battered Schmeling with a series of swift attacks, forcing Schmeling against the ropes and giving him a paralyzing body blow. (Schmeling later claimed it was an illegal kidney punch.) Schmeling was knocked down three times, and only managed to throw two punches in the entire bout. On the third knockdown, Schmeling's trainer threw in the towel and referee Arthur Donovan stopped the fight.

Louis's victory was seen as a major victory for America. The German press recounted Schmeling's story that Louis had won the bout thanks to an illegal kidney punch. But in America, and throughout the world, Louis's victory was seen as a major rebuff of German claims of racial superiority.

Other matches

WWII poster featuring Louis

From December 1940 to March 1942, when his career was interrupted by World War II, Louis defended his title ten times, a frequency unmatched by any heavyweight champion since the end of the bareknuckle era. His nearly-monthly fights against every challenger, and his convincing wins, earned his opponents the unfair group nickname "Bum of the Month."

In all, Louis made 25 defenses of his heavyweight title from 1937 to 1949. He was a world champion for 11 years and 10 months. Louis set records for any division in number of defenses and longevity as world champion non stop, and both records still stand. His most remarkable record is that he knocked out 23 opponents in 27 title fights.

Other notable title defenses before Louis enlisted were:

His fight versus world Light Heavyweight champion John Henry Lewis, knocked out in the first.
His fight with "Two Ton" Tony Galento, who knocked Louis down in the third round with a left hook. Giving Galento a terrible beating, Louis knocked Galento out in the fourth round.
His two fights with Chilean Arturo Godoy. In their first bout Louis won by a decision, and then Louis won the rematch by a knockout in the eighth round.
His fight with world light heavyweight champion Billy Conn. Conn, smaller than Louis, said that he planned to "hit and run," prompting Louis's famous response, "He can run, but he can't hide."[2] After 12 rounds, Conn was ahead on points, only to be knocked out by Louis in the 13th round.

During World War II

Joe served in the Army from 1942 to 1945 and spent that period traveling around Europe visiting with the troops and boxing in exhibitions. During this time, he donated over $100,000 awarded to him from these fights to the Army and Navy Emergency Relief Funds to show his support for the U.S. war effort.

When asked about his decision to enter the racially-segregated U.S. Army, Louis's explanation was simple: "Lots of things wrong with America, but Hitler ain't going to fix them." During his time in the army, Louis used his connections in the State Department to get his friend Jackie Robinson and several other black soldiers admitted into Officers' Candidate School — a favor for which Robinson was especially grateful. Louis himself received the rank of Sergeant, and was awarded the Legion of Honor medal for his service.

Louis became a national spokesman for the Army, encouraging African-American men to enlist in the Armed Services, in spite of the racial segregation. He became a highly-visible symbol of the contributions of African-American soldiers to the war effort.

In 1943, Louis made an appearance in the wartime Hollywood musical This Is the Army, directed by Michael Curtiz. Louis appears as himself in a musical number, "The Well-Dressed Man In Harlem," which emphasizes the importance of African-American soldiers, and promotes their enlistment.

Retirement and later life

Joe Louis' headstone in Arlington National Cemetery.

In 1946, following his war service, Louis returned to the ring for a rematch against Billy Conn. He won by a knockout in the eighth round. In 1947, Louis faced Jersey Joe Walcott. During the fight, Walcott scored two knockdowns over Louis but lost a disputed decision. In a rematch held in 1948, Walcott again knocked Louis down, but the aging Louis came on to knock out Walcott in the 11th round.

On March 1, 1949, Louis announced his retirement from boxing. In his matches with Conn and Wolcott, it became obvious that he was no longer the fighter he once had been. In 1951, plagued by debts to the IRS, Louis attempted a comeback. He fought Ezzard Charles, but lost on a decision after a 15-round bout. In October, 1951, Louis faced Rocky Marciano, and was knocked out in the eighth round. Afterwards, Louis retired for good from boxing.

In 1952, Louis was invited to play in the San Diego Open on a sponsor's exemption, and became the first African American ever to play in this PGA Tour event.[3] A few years after his retirement, a movie about his life, The Joe Louis Story, was filmed in Hollywood. The role of Louis was played by fighter Coley Wallace.

By the end of the 1950s, Louis had owed over $1 million in taxes.[4] To bring in money, Louis appeared on quiz shows.[4] Old army buddy Ash Resnick gave him a job welcoming tourists to the Caesar's Palace hotel in Las Vegas, where Ash was an executive, just so Louis could make ends meet.[4] Louis developed a friendship with former rival Max Schmeling in their retirement, and Schmeling offered financial assistance to Louis during this period.[5] Louis performed as a professional wrestler in the 1950s and 60s, and as late as 1972.[6]

Louis remained a popular celebrity in his twilight years. He was good friends with heroin dealer Frank Lucas, who paid off a $50,000 tax lien for him and wept when he died, calling him "my daddy." [1]

Eventually, Louis's health began to deteriorate to the point where he had to be in a wheelchair. Louis suffered a stroke a year before his death and eventually his heart gave out."[citation needed]

Joe Louis died at age 66 of a heart attack in Desert Springs Hospital in 1981. Ronald Reagan waived the eligibility rules for burial at Arlington National Cemetery,[citation needed] and Louis was buried there with full military honors on April 21, 1981.[7][8] It has been rumored that his funeral was paid for by a former competitor, Max Schmeling, though recent biographies claim this is false. His life and his achievements prompted famed New York sportswriter Jimmy Cannon to write "Joe Louis is a credit to his race - the human race." He believed that boxing was his only way of life.

Legacy

Joe Louis lives on in popular memory. Among other contributions, Louis coined two of boxing's most famous quotes: "He can run, but he can't hide" and "Everyone has a plan until they've been hit."[citation needed] In 1936, a beat writer for the Winnipeg Tribune used Joe Louis's nickname to refer to the Winnipeg Football Club after a game. From that point, the team became known popularly as the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

Commemoration

Congressional Gold Medal in 1982 Memorial in Detroit.

Louis was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award given by the U.S. legislative branch, in 1982. Congress stated that he "did so much to bolster the spirit of the American people during one of the most crucial times in American history and which have endured throughout the years as a symbol of strength for the nation." He has a sports complex named after him in Detroit, the Joe Louis Arena, where the Detroit Red Wings play their NHL games. A memorial to Louis was dedicated in Detroit (at Jefferson Avenue & Woodward) on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Time, Inc. and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a 24-foot high pyramidal framework. It represents the power of his punch both inside and outside the ring. Because of his efforts to fight Jim Crow laws, the fist was symbolically aimed toward the south. Joe Louis is buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

A street near Madison Square Garden is named after Joe Louis. In 1993, he became the first boxer to be honored on a postage stamp issued by the U.S. Postal Service.

Trivia

Trivia sections are discouragedunder Wikipedia guidelines.
The article could be improved by integratingrelevant items and removing inappropriateones.

During a 1944 promotional tour of Liverpool, England, Louis (as a publicity stunt) actually signed with the Liverpool Football Club as a player. The official club records still record him as being "on the books" and is therefore officially classed as having been a Liverpool player.
On June 17, 1951, he fought Lee Savold in what was the first professional prizefight carried to theaters on closed circuit TV. He knocked out Savold in 2 minutes 29 seconds of the sixth round.
Louis was the star of the 1938 motion picture Spirit of Youth. The movie was a cautionary morality fable featuring Louis as an up-and-coming boxer named Joe Thomas. This same motion picture received a public film showing at the September 2006 Mid atlantic nostalgia convention in Aberdeen, Maryland.
Louis appeared in the short film Johnny at the Fair, which appeared on the TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000.
The song "Killer Joe" arranged by Quincy Jones is a tribute to Joe Louis' career. Jones met Louis as a child in Chicago.
Another song "A Ballad For Joe (Louis)" is also a tribute to the boxer. It was by composed Joe Sample of the Crusaders and came out on the 1974 album Southern Comfort.
The Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan is a sports and general use arena named in honor of Joe Louis.
The Cleveland Browns, an NFL football team, were named in reference to Louis' nickname 'the Brown Bomber'.

Career record

69 Wins (55 knockouts, 13 decisions, 1 disqualification), 3 Losses (2 knockouts, 1 decision) [2]Res. Opponent Type Rd., Time Date Location Notes Loss Rocky MarcianoKO 8 (10) 1951-10-26Madison Square Garden, New York Win Jimmy BivinsDecision (unan.) 10 (10) 1951-08-15 Baltimore, MarylandWin Cesar Brion Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1951-08-01San Francisco, California Win Lee SavoldKO 6 (15), 2:29 1951-06-15Madison Square Garden, New York Win Omelio Agramonte Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1951-05-02Detroit, Michigan Win Andy Walker TKO 10 (10), 1:49 1951-02-23 San Francisco, CaliforniaWin Omelio Agramonte Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1951-02-07 Miami, FloridaWin Freddie Beshore TKO 4 (10), 2:48 1951-01-03Detroit, Michigan Win Cesar Brion Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1950-11-29Chicago, Illinois Loss Ezzard CharlesDecision (unan.) 15 (15) 1950-09-27Yankee Stadium, New York Fight was for World Heavyweight title Win Jersey Joe WalcottKO 11 (15) 1948-06-25Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title;
Louis retired and relinquished
the title on March 1, 1949Win Jersey Joe Walcott Decision (split) 15 (15) 1947-12-05Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Tami Mauriello KO 1 (15), 2:09 1946-09-18Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Billy ConnKO 8 (15), 2:19 1946-06-19Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Johnny Davis TKO 1 (4), 0:53 1944-11-14Buffalo, New York non-title fight Win Abe Simon TKO 6 (15) 1942-03-27Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Buddy BaerKO 1 (15), 2:56 1942-01-09Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Lou NovaTKO 6 (15), 2:59 1941-09-29New York City Retained World Heavyweight title Win Billy ConnKO 13 (15), 2:58 1941-06-18New York City Retained World Heavyweight title Win Buddy BaerDisqualification 7 (15) 1941-05-23 Washington, D.C.Retained World Heavyweight title Win Tony Musto TKO 9 (15), 1:36 1941-04-08 Saint Louis, MissouriRetained World Heavyweight title Win Abe Simon TKO 13 (20), 1:20 1941-03-21Detroit, Michigan Retained World Heavyweight title Win Gus Dorazio KO 2 (15), 1:30 1941-02-17Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Retained World Heavyweight title Win Red Burman KO 5 (15), 2:49 1941-01-31Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Al McCoyTKO 6 (15) 1940-12-16 Boston, MassachusettsRetained World Heavyweight title Win Arturo GodoyTKO 8 (15), 1:24 1940-06-20Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Johnny Paychek TKO 2 (15), 0:41 1940-03-29Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Arturo GodoyDecision (split) 15 (15) 1940-02-09Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Bob Pastor KO 11 (20) 1939-09-20Detroit, Michigan Retained World Heavyweight title Win Tony GalentoTKO 4 (15), 2:29 1939-06-28Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Jack Roper KO 1 (10), 2:20 1939-04-17Wrigley Field, Los Angeles Retained World Heavyweight title Win John Henry LewisKO 1 (15), 2:29 1939-01-25Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Max SchmelingKO 1 (15), 2:04 1938-06-22Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Harry ThomasKO 5 (15), 2:50 1938-04-01Chicago, Illinois Retained World Heavyweight title Win Nathan Mann KO 3 (15), 1:56 1937-02-23Madison Square Garden, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win Tommy FarrDecision (unan.) 15 (15) 1937-08-30Yankee Stadium, New York Retained World Heavyweight title Win James J. BraddockKO 8 (15) 1937-06-22Chicago, Illinois Won NBA and NYSAC World
Heavyweight titles Win Natie Brown KO 4 (10) 1937-02-17 Kansas City, Missouri Win Bob Pastor Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1937-01-29Madison Square Garden, New York City Win Steve Ketchel KO 2 (4), 0:31 1937-01-11 Buffalo, New YorkWin Eddie Simms TKO 1 (10), 0:26 1936-12-14 Cleveland, OhioWin Jorge Brescia KO 3 (10), 2:12 1936-10-09Hippodrome, New York City Win Al Ettore KO 5 (15), 1:28 1936-09-22Municipal Stadium, Philadelphia Win Jack SharkeyKO 3 (10), 1:02 1936-08-18Yankee Stadium, New York Loss Max Schmeling KO 12 (15), 2:29 1936-06-19Yankee Stadium, New York Win Charley Retzlaff KO 1 (15), 1:25 1936-01-17Chicago, Illinois Win Paulino UzcudunTKO 4 (15), 2:32 1935-12-13 Madison Square Garden, New York CityWin Max BaerKO 4 (15) 1935-09-24Yankee Stadium, New York Win King LevinskyTKO 1 (10), 2:21 1935-08-07Chicago, Illinois Win Primo CarneraTKO 6 (15), 2:32 1935-06-25 Yankee Stadium, New YorkWin Gene Stanton KO 3 (6) 1935-05-07 Kalamazoo, MichiganWin Willie Davies KO 2 (6) 1935-05-03 Peoria, IllinoisWin Roscoe Toles KO 6 (6) 1935-04-25 Flint, MichiganWin Biff Bennett KO 1 (6), 2:26 1935-04-22 Dayton, OhioBilled in an exhibition Win Roy Lazer KO 3 (10), 2:26 1935-04-12Chicago, Illinois Win Natie Brown Decision (unan.) 10 (10) 1935-03-29Detroit, Michigan Win Don BarryTKO 3 (10) 1935-03-08San Francisco, California Win Lee Ramage TKO 2 (10), 2:11 1935-02-21Los Angeles, California Win Hans Birkie TKO 10 (10), 1:47 1935-01-11Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Win Patsy Perroni Decision 10 (10) 1935-01-04Chicago, Illinois Win Lee Ramage TKO 8 (10), 2:51 1934-12-14Chicago, Illinois Win Charley Massera KO 3 (10) 1934-11-30Chicago, Illinois Win Stanley PoredaKO 1 (10), 2:40 1934-11-14Chicago, Illinois Win Jack O'Dowd KO 2 (10) 1934-10-31Detroit, Michigan Win Art SykesKO 8 (10) 1934-10-24Chicago, Illinois Win Adolph Wiater Decision 10 (10) 1934-09-26Chicago, Illinois Win Al Delaney TKO 4 (10) 1934-09-11 Detroit, MichiganWin Buck Everett KO 2 (8) 1934-08-27Chicago, Illinois Win Jack Kranz Decision 8 (8) 1934-08-13Chicago, Illinois Win Larry Udell TKO 2 (8) 1934-07-30Chicago, Illinois Win Willie Davies KO 3 (6) 1934-07-12Chicago, Illinois Win Jack KrackenKO 1 (6) 1934-07-04 Chicago, Illinois

References

Joe Louis, Edna Rust, Art Rust Jr., Joe Louis: My Life
Joe Louis, 66, Heavyweight King Who Reigned 12 Years, Is Dead, Obituary, NY Times, April 13, 1981.
Louis' TAX issues
Jenny Nolan, "The Brown Bomber -- The Man Behind The Fist", The Detroit News
"Remembering Joe Louis", WTVM
Joe Louis at Find A Grave Retrieved on 2008-02-07

Notes

^ International Boxing Research Organization (March, 2005). All Time Rankings. Retrieved on October 14, 2006.
^ Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable, by John Ayto, Ian Crofton (2006)
^ Lerner, Rich (November 12, 2007). The Brown Bomber's Green Legacy. The Golf Channel.
^ a b c Burton W. Folsom. Schmeling K.O.’d by Louis! Louis K.O.’d by the U.S. Government! June 6, 2005.
^ Bloomberg. Max Schmeling, Joe Louis's Friend and Foe, Dies at 99 February 4, 2005.
^ Dave Meltzer. Boxers in wrestling a rich tradition. March 27, 2008.
^ Peters, James Edward (2000). Joe Louis (Barrow), "The Brown Bomber," Heavyweight Champion of the World. Arlington National Cemetery: Shrine to America's Heroes. Woodbine House. Retrieved on 2007-07-04. Published on the Official website of Arlington National Cemetery
^ Joe "The Brown Bomber" Louis. Find-A-Grave. Retrieved on 2007-07-04.

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Joe Louis Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joe Louis

Joe Louis HBO special February 23, 2008
Louis' TAX issues in video documentary clip
Professional boxing record for Joe Louis from Boxrec
Joe Louis biography International Boxing Hall of Fame
Solid boxing Joe's bio and Profile
The Fight of the Century NPR special on the selection of the radio broadcast to the National Recording Registry
[3] Watch footage of the fight on JustOneTV
Joe Louis at the Internet Movie Database

Preceded by
James J. Braddock Heavyweight boxing champion
1937–1949 Succeeded by
Ezzard Charles
Filled vacancy Preceded by
Dizzy Dean Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year
1935Succeeded by
Jesse Owens

PersondataNAME Louis, Joe ALTERNATIVE NAMES Barrow, Joseph Louis (full name)could he beat 50 cent SHORT DESCRIPTION American boxer DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1914PLACE OF BIRTH LaFayette, Alabama, United StatesDATE OF DEATH April 12, 1981PLACE OF DEATH