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Harold Stassen

Harold Edward Stassen

Stassen during World War II

25th Governor of MinnesotaIn office
January 2, 1939 – April 27, 1943Lieutenant C. Elmer Anderson, Edward John ThyePreceded by Elmer Austin BensonSucceeded by Edward John ThyeDirector of the United States Foreign Operations AdministrationIn office
1953 – 1955 President Dwight D. EisenhowerPreceded by N/A (post created) Succeeded by N/A (post abolished) Born April 13, 1907(1907-04-13)
St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.Died March 4, 2001(aged 93)
Bloomington, Minnesota, U.S. Political party RepublicanSpouse Esther G. Glewwe Profession lawyer, politician, candidate Religion Baptist

Harold Edward Stassen (April 13, 1907 – March 4, 2001) was the 25th Governor of Minnesota from 1939 to 1943 and a later perennial candidate for other offices, most notably and frequently President of the United States.

Contents

Biography and political history

Born in West St. Paul, Minnesota, he graduated from high school at age 14 and the University of Minnesota Law School in 1929. He was elected District Attorney of Dakota County in 1930 and 1934. He was seen as an "up and comer" after delivering the keynote address at the 1940 Republican National Convention. At that convention, he helped secure the Republican Party (GOP) nomination for Wendell Willkie.

Against the advice of some of his political advisers, Stassen resigned from office in 1943 to serve as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II. Stassen did indeed lose some of his political base while overseas, whereas Republican candidates such as Thomas Dewey had a chance to increase theirs. Stassen was a delegate at the San Francisco Conference that established the United Nations, and president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1953. His attempt to establish big-time college football at the university was unpopular and soon abandoned. From 1953 to 1955 he was the director of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's short-lived Foreign Operations Administration.

Stassen was later best known for being a perennial candidate for the Republican Party nomination for President, seeking it nine times between 1948 and 1992 (1948, 1952, 1964, 1968, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992) but never winning it or, after 1952, even coming close. He did receive votes at the Republican National Convention as late as 1968 when he won two votes for president (one from Minnesota and the other from Ohio).

Stassen also ran for:

  • Dakota County District Attorney (he won in 1930 and 1934)
  • governor of Minnesota on four occasions (he won on his first three attempts 1938, 1940, 1942),
  • governor of Pennsylvania twice,
  • United States Senate twice, and
  • mayor of Philadelphia once.
  • U.S. Representative (He was the Republican nominee against Bruce Vento of Minnesota in 1986).

Stassen's strongest bid for the presidential nomination was in 1948, when he won a series of upset victories in early primaries. Polls showed that he would beat Harry S. Truman if nominated. He lost the nomination to Thomas Dewey, however, who had already lost in the presidential election of 1944 to Franklin D. Roosevelt. There is some sense that Stassen never got over failing to have the chance to reach what he considered his potential.[who?]

Stassen played a key role in the 1952 Republican contest when he released his delegates to Dwight D. Eisenhower. This helped Eisenhower to defeat Robert Taft on the first ballot. He served in the Eisenhower Administration, filling posts including director of the Mutual Security Administration (foreign aid) and Special Assistant to the President for Disarmament. During this period he held cabinet rank and led a quixotic effort (perhaps covertly encouraged by Eisenhower, who had serious reservations about Richard Nixon's qualifications for the presidency)[citation needed] to "dump Nixon" at the 1956 Republican Convention. When he left the Eisenhower Administration in 1958, he became a candidate for the Republican nomination for governor of Pennsylvania. His defeat in this race — which was not close — generally was seen as marking the end of his importance as a political figure, although he became a candidate on many occasions in the ensuing years. Though he maintained a successful law practice in Philadelphia and was a major figure of the World War II and immediate post-war eras, he nonetheless became the subject of jokes, even wearing a toupee in an apparent effort to look younger and hence presumably more electable. The humor was collective, with the 'Stop Stassen' movement often attracting more attention than Stassen's bid for the nomination.

Stassen gained a reputation as a liberal, particularly when, as president of the American Baptist Convention in 1963, he joined Martin Luther King in his march on Washington, D.C.. He was a prime representative of the liberal stream of American Republicanism. Much of his political thought came from his religious beliefs. An active American (or Northern) Baptist, he held important positions in his denomination and in local and national councils of churches. Many remembered him as much as a church figure as a political candidate.

On the death of Happy Chandler, Stassen became the earliest governor of any U.S. state still living. When he died, the title was passed to Charles Poletti, a former governor of New York. Stassen died in 2001 in Bloomington, Minnesota, aged 93, and is buried at the Acacia Park Cemetery in Mendota Heights, Minnesota.

Electoral history

Harold Stassen electoral history

Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1938[1]

Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1940[2]

  • Harold Stassen (R) (inc.) - 654,686 (52.06%)
  • Hjalmar Petersen (Farmer-Labor) - 459,609 (36.55%)
  • Edward Murphy (D) - 140,021 (11.14%)
  • John William Castle (Industrial) - 3,175 (0.25%)

Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1942[3]

  • Harold Stassen (R) (inc.) - 409,800 (51.60%)
  • Hjalmar Petersen (Farmer-Labor) - 299,917 (37.76%)
  • John D. Sullivan (D) - 75,151 (9.46%)
  • Martin Mackie (Communist) - 5,082 (0.64%)
  • Harris A. Brandborg (Industrial) - 4,278 (0.54%)

1944 Republican presidential primaries[4]

1948 Republican presidential primaries[5]

1948 Republican National Convention[6]

1952 Republican presidential primaries[7]

1952 Republican National Convention (1st ballot)

Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania, 1958[8]

  • Arthur T. McGonigle - 578,286 (54.52%)
  • Harold Stassen - 344,043 (32.44%)
  • William S. Livengood - 138,284 (13.04%)

Philadelphia mayoral election, 1959[9]

1964 Republican presidential primaries[10]

Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania, 1966[11]

  • Raymond P. Shafer - 835,768 (78.02%)
  • Harold Stassen - 172,150 (16.07%)
  • George J. Brett - 63,366 (5.92%)

1968 Republican presidential primaries[12]

1968 Republican National Convention (1st ballot)

1978 Republican primary for the United States Senate from Minnesota[13]

1980 Republican presidential primaries[14]

1984 Republican presidential primaries[15]

  • Ronald Reagan (inc.) - 6,484,987 (98.78%)
  • Unpledged delegates - 55,458 (0.85%)
  • Harold Stassen - 12,749 (0.19%)

Minnesota's 4th congressional district, 1986[16]

  • Bruce F. Vento (DFL) (inc.) - 112,662 (72.88%)
  • Harold Stassen (R) - 41,926 (27.12%)

1988 Republican presidential primaries[17]

1992 Republican presidential primaries[18]

Republican primary for the United States Senate from Minnesota, 1994[19]

In popular culture

In the daily cartoon Doonesbury, Stassen was mentioned in the March 10, 1971 strip in which the characters B.D., Mark, and Mike Doonesbury are playing poker. B.D. confidently announces, "My poker has the steady, strong winning power of a Richard Nixon!" To which Mark replies, "That's nothing. My hand has all the steady challenging strength of an Ed Muskie." After a long pause, Mike dejectedly replies, "Harold Stassen."

In The Simpsons episode "Kill Gil: Vols. 1 & 2", Gil makes sunny side up eggs for the kids, and quips that they are "a la Harold Stassen" because they are "always running!" Lisa giggles nervously at the remark (after a pause) and Bart asks her if she understands the reference, to which she replies "kinda".

In Episode #818 of Mystery Science Theater 3000, Devil Doll, the character of the Great Vorelli tells his living ventriloquist dummy Hugo, "You'll never win. You'll always lose." To which Crow T. Robot adds, "You're Harold Stassen."

In Harry Turtledove's alternate history book, Aftershocks, Harold Stassen is Vice-President, and later President of the United States. Also, in Turtledove's Settling Accounts series, Stassen is the Republican candidate in 1944 elections.

References

  1. ^ Our Campaigns - MN Governor Race - Nov 08, 1938
  2. ^ Our Campaigns - MN Governor Race - Nov 05, 1940
  3. ^ Our Campaigns - MN Governor Race - Nov 03, 1942
  4. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1944
  5. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1948
  6. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Convention Race - Jun 21, 1948
  7. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1952
  8. ^ Our Campaigns - PA Governor- R Primary Race - May 20, 1958
  9. ^ Our Campaigns - Philadelphia Mayor Race - Nov 03, 1959
  10. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1964
  11. ^ Our Campaigns - PA Governor- R Primary Race - May 17, 1966
  12. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Mar 12, 1968
  13. ^ Our Campaigns - MN US Senate- R Primary Race - Sep 12, 1978
  14. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 17, 1980
  15. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 20, 1984
  16. ^ Our Campaigns - MN District 4 Race - Nov 07, 1986
  17. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1988
  18. ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1992
  19. ^ Our Campaigns - MN US Senate - R Primary Race - Sep 13, 1994

External links

Political offices Preceded by
Elmer Austin BensonGovernor of Minnesota
1939–1943 Succeeded by
Edward John ThyeGovernment offices Preceded by
N/A Director of the United States Foreign Operations Administration
1953–1955 Succeeded by
N/A Academic offices Preceded by
George William McClelland Presidentof the University of Pennsylvania
1948–1953 Succeeded by
William Hagan DuBarry
acting Party political offices Preceded by
Martin A. Nelson Republican Partynominee for Governor of Minnesota
1938 (won), 1940 (won), 1942 (won) Succeeded by
Edward John ThyePreceded by
W. Thatcher Longstreth Republican Partynominee for Mayor of Philadelphia
1959 (lost) Succeeded by
James T. McDermottPreceded by
Mary Jane Rachner Republican Partynominee for Representativefrom Minnesota's 4th congressional district
1986 (lost) Succeeded by
Ian Maitland Honorary titles Preceded by
Albert B. ChandlerEarliest serving US governor
1991 – 2001 Succeeded by
Charles Poletti
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v • d • eUnited States presidential election, 1948Democratic Party1948 Democratic National ConventionCandidates Kilgore · Russell · Truman · Wallace · VP Candidates BarkleyRepublican Party1948 Republican National ConventionCandidates Bender · Dewey · Hitchcock · McArthur · J. W. Martin · E. Martin · Saltonstall · Stassen · Vandenberg · Warren · TaftVP Candidates Stassen · WarrenState's Rights Democratic PartyDixiecrat nominationCandidates ThurmondVP Candidates WrightProgressive PartyProgressive Party nominationCandidates WallaceVP Candidates Taylor
Categories: 1907 births | 2001 deaths | Governors of Minnesota | United States presidential candidates, 1944 | United States presidential candidates, 1948 | United States presidential candidates, 1952 | United States presidential candidates, 1964 | United States presidential candidates, 1968 | United States presidential candidates, 1976 | United States presidential candidates, 1980 | United States presidential candidates, 1984 | United States presidential candidates, 1988 | United States presidential candidates, 1992 | Presidents of the University of Pennsylvania | American military personnel of World War II | University of Minnesota alumni | People from Philadelphia | Baptists from the United States | Perennial candidatesHidden categories: Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2008

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