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Far East

This article is about the Asian regions. For the A. R. Gurney play, see Far East (play). For the newspaper published in Japan, see The Far East (periodical). Far East

Location of Far East Chinese name Traditional Chinese: 遠東 Simplified Chinese: 远东 Literal meaning: Far East Transliterations Mandarin- Hanyu Pinyin: Yuǎn Dōng - Tongyong Pinyin: Yuǎn Dōng Yue (Cantonese)- Jyutping: Yuen5 Dong1
Japanese name Kanji: 極東 Kana: きょくとう Hiragana: Japanese Hiragana Transliterations - Romaji: Kyoku Tō Korean name Hangul: 극동 Hanja: 極東 Transliterations - Revised
  Romanization: Geuk Dong - McCune-
  Reischauer: Kŭk Tong Malay name Malay: Timur Jauh Portuguese name Portuguese: Extremo Oriente Russian name Russian: Дальний Восток Thai name Thai: ตะวันออกไกล

The Far East is a term often used by some people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia.[1] It is a Eurocentric term that nevertheless retains a degree of popular usage.

Contents

Popularisation

The term Far East was popularized in the English language during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India. Prior to World War I, the Near East referred to relatively nearby lands of the Ottoman Empire, Middle East to northwestern South Asia and Central Asia, and Far East for countries along the western Pacific Ocean and countries along the eastern Indian Ocean. Many European languages have analogous terms, such as the French Extrême-Orient, Spanish Extremo Oriente, Portuguese Extremo Oriente, German Ferner Osten, Italian Estremo Oriente, Polish Daleki Wschód, and Dutch Verre Oosten.

Cultural as well as geographic meaning

Significantly, the term evokes cultural as well as geographic separation; the Far East is not just geographically distant, but also culturally exotic. It never refers, for instance, to the culturally Western nations of Australia and New Zealand, which lie even farther to the east of Europe than East Asia itself. This combination of cultural and geographic subjectivism was well illustrated in 1939 by the Prime Minister of Australia, R. G Menzies. Reflecting upon his country's geopolitical concerns with the onset of war, Menzies commented that:

"The problems of the Pacific are different. What Great Britain calls the Far East is to us the near north."[2]

Far East in its usual sense is comparable to terms such as the Orient, which means East; the Eastern world; or simply the East. South East Asia and the Russian Far East might now be included in the Far East to some extent due to recent Chinese migration to Russia, and the Korean diaspora in Russia.

Eurocentrism

Use of the term in the Western world has become somewhat circumscribed due to its Eurocentrism and association with European imperialism in Asia. The more precise East Asia and Southeast Asia, or larger umbrella terms, such as Pacific Rim, are preferred in cultural and economic studies. The region's growth has also given new meaning to the term as meaning the Far East of the world (i.e. the easternmost continental land in the Eastern Hemisphere) rather than to the Far East of Europe.

Despite its shortcomings, the term is unlikely to fade from use completely due to historical usage within the names of many Asian-based commercial enterprises and institutions. Examples include: Far Eastern National University in Vladivostok, Far Eastern University in the City of Manila, South Korean's Far East University, and the Hong Kong-based Far Eastern Economic ReviewNORTh America have historically used Far East for several military units and commands in the region:

Territories and regions conventionally included under the term Far East

East Asia China South Korea North Korea Japan Russia Mongolia Taiwan (R.O.C.)


Southeast Asia Vietnam Myanmar Laos Thailand Cambodia Malaysia Brunei Singapore Indonesia Philippines


Name of region[3]and
territory, with flagArea
(km²) Population
(1 July2002est.) Population density
(per km²) CapitalBrunei5,770 350,898 60.8 Bandar Seri BegawanCambodia181,040 12,775,324 70.6 Phnom PenhChina[4]9,584,492 1,384,303,705 134.0 BeijingHong Kong(China)[5]1,092 7,303,334 6,688.0 — Indonesia[6]1,419,588 227,026,560 159.9 JakartaJapan377,835 126,974,628 336.1 TokyoLaos236,800 5,777,180 24.4 VientianeMacau(China)[7]25 461,833 18,473.3 — Malaysia329,750 22,662,365 68.7 Kuala LumpurMongolia1,565,000 2,694,432 1.7 UlaanbaatarMyanmar (Burma)678,500 42,238,224 62.3 Naypyidaw[8]North Korea120,540 22,224,195 184.4 PyongyangPhilippines300,000 84,525,639 281.8 ManilaRussia[9]13,115,200 39,129,729 3.0 MoscowSingapore704 4,483,900 6,369.0 SingaporeSouth Korea98,480 48,324,000 490.7 SeoulThailand514,000 62,354,402 121.3 BangkokTimor-Leste (East Timor)[10]15,007 952,618 63.5 DiliTaiwan[11]35,980 22,548,009 626.7 TaipeiVietnam332,885 81,098,416 246.1 Hanoi

Gallery

Shanghai,
China, PRC

Tokyo,
Japan

Singapore City,
Singapore

Seoul,
Korea, ROK

Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon),
Vietnam

Osaka,
Japan

Vladivostok,
Russian Far East, Russia

Manila (Makati),
Philippines

Taipei,
Taiwan, Republic of China

Guangzhou,
China, PRC

Jakarta,
Indonesia

Hanoi,
Vietnam

Phnom Penh,
Cambodia

Yangon (Rangoon),
Myanmar (Burma)

Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia

Macau (Macao),
PRC

Bangkok,
Thailand

Kaohsiung,
Taiwan, Republic of China

Pyongyang,
Korea, DPRK

Hong Kong,
PRC

Bandar Seri Begawan,
Brunei

Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar),
Mongolia

Kuching,
Malaysia

Busan (Pusan),
Korea, ROK

Vientiane,
Laos

Surabaya,
Indonesia

Pattaya,
Thailand

Cebu City,
Philippines

See also

Look up Far East in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ AskOxford: Far East
  2. ^ Broadcast Speech by Mr R.G. Menzies, Prime Minister
  3. ^   Continental regions as per UN categorisations (map), except 12. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 6, 11-13, 15, 17-19, 21-23) may be in one or both of Asia and Europe, Africa, or Oceania.
  4. ^   The current state is formally known as the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilisation (China). Figures given are for mainland China only, and do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
  5. ^   Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.
  6. ^   Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania; figures do not include Irian Jaya and Maluku Islands, frequently reckoned in Oceania (Melanesia/Australasia).
  7. ^   Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.
  8. ^   The administrative capital of Myanmar was officially moved from Yangon (Rangoon) to a militarised greenfield just west of Pyinmana on 6 November 2005.
  9. ^   Russia is generally considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe (UN region) and Northern Asia; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  10. ^   Timor-Leste is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
  11. ^   Figures are for the area under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, frequently referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.


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