Portal:Cuba
Culture · Geography · Health · History · Mathematics · Nature · Philosophy · Religion · Society · Technology
editThe Cuba Portal
P:CUBA
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: Cuba or República de Cuba, IPA: [re'puβlika ðe ˈkuβa]), consists of the island of Cuba (the largest of the Greater Antilles), the Isle of Youth and adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and the Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south.
Cuba is the most populous country in the Caribbean. Its culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, years of close ties to the Soviet Union, and its proximity to the United States. The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; the warm currents of the Caribbean Sea and its location between water bodies also make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes.
editSelected picture
Credit: DirkvdMSchoolchildren in a sunlit arcade in Havana.
...Archive • Nominate editDid you know...
- ...that at twelve years old, Fidel Castro wrote a letter (pictured) to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt expressing his admiration and asking for a $10 bill?
- ...that JMWAVE was the codename for a United States covert operations and intelligence gathering station in Miami, Florida created in 1961 to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro?
- ...that Rationing in Cuba was instated on March 12, 1962, a month after the imposition of the United States embargo against Cuba, and remains to this day?
- ...that Henry Reeve, a Brigadier General in the Cuban rebel army during the Ten Years' War (1868-1878), was born in Brooklyn, New York?
- ...that rights to oil and natural gas in the Straits of Florida were divided between the United States and Cuba by a 1977 treaty, and that geological studies project substantial reserves?
Featured content
Che
Guevara
Charles Edward Magoon
Salsa
music
List of Cuban birds
List of Caribbean drums
Things you can do
Wikipedia's maxim is that anyone can edit. If you are interested in Cuba and have useful information that would form a new article or would enhance an existing article, please feel free to take part. Here are some tasks you can do to help with WikiProject Cuba:
Task list- New article announcements
- Requests: Sport in Cuba, Asociación de Guías de Cuba, Carlos Alzugarai, Jules Loustalot, Enrique Quintana, Moisés Boudé, Domingo Romeo Jaime, Oscar Poey Bonachea, Virgilio Morales Díaz, José Borrel Tudurí, Celina Cardoso, Angel Loustalot, lechon asado
- Stubs: Dollar store (Cuba), Celia Sánchez, Yoani Sánchez
- Verify: History of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista
- Update: Nochebuena
- NPOV: History of Cuba, Delfin Fernandez, Armando Valladares
- Copyedit: Bay of Pigs invasion, Julio Antonio Mella, Fabio Grobart, Armando Peraza
- Wikify: Cha-cha-cha
- Merge:
- Cleanup: Bay of Pigs invasion, History of Cuba, Escambray Revolt, Abelardo Colomé Ibarra, List of Cubans, Máximo Gómez, Antonio Maceo Grajales
- Style: Fidel Castro
- Expand: Cuban-Soviet relations, Baseball in Cuba, Religion in Cuba, Havana's International Book Fair, Cuba-Venezuela relations, Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven
In the news
- February 20: Drama was the signature tune of Fidel's career (BBC News)
- February 19: Bedridden Castro resigned after nearly 50 years as "El Presidente".(BBC News)
- October 7: Bus and train collision kills at least 28 in Cuba
- September 20: Supporters of Canadian youth Omar Khadr held in Guantanamo gather, demand action
- - Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban singer, dies at 78.
- June 6: Fidel Castro appears on TV in his first interview since undergoing surgery 10 months ago.(BBC)
- June 6: Cuba and the United States hold the first bilateral Hurricane Conference to exchange ideas and information before the hurricane season begins.
- May 29: Fidel
Castro writes about his illness for the first time,
stating that he had three operations before he began his recovery.(Earth Times) edit
Quote of the day
“ I sympathise with the rebellion, but not with the rebels. It may be that as the pages of history are turned, brighter futures and better times will come to Cuba. It may be that future years will see the island as it would be now, had England never lost it - a Cuba free and prosperous under just laws and a patriotic administration, throwing her ports open to the world ”Winston Churchill, 1895.
edit
Randolph Churchill: Winston Churchill companion, vol 1, 1967, p617-8Categories
Cuba Buildings and structures in Cuba Communications in Cuba Cuban culture Economy of Cuba Education in Cuba Environment of Cuba Geography of Cuba Government of Cuba Health in Cuba History of Cuba Cuban law Cuba-related lists Military of Cuba Organizations based in Cuba Cuban people Politics of Cuba Science and technology in Cuba Cuban society Sport in Cuba Transportation in Cuba Cuba stubs editWikiProjects
- Main WikiProject:
- Other related WikiProjects:
- Geographical:
- History and Society:
Topics
v • d • eCuba Topics History Colonial Heads- John R. Brooke
- Arsenio Martínez Campos
- George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
- William Keppel (general)
- Charles Edward Magoon
- Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan
- Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, 1st Count of Venadito
- William Howard Taft
- Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre
- Diego de Villalba y Toledo
- Leonard Wood
- Valeriano Weyler
- Alpha 66
- Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Brothers to the Rescue
- Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba
- Cuban American
- Cuban Democracy Act
- Cuban Five
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Cuban Project
- Cuban exile
- Cuban-American National Foundation
- Cuban-American Treaty
- Cuban-American lobby
- Elián González
- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Helms-Burton Act
- United States Interests Section in Havana
- JMWAVE
- Latin American School of Medicine (Cuba)
- List of Cuba-US aircraft hijackings
- List of United States citizens granted political asylum in Cuba
- USS Maine (ACR-1)
- Mariel boatlift
- Omega 7
- Operation Northwoods
- Operation Peter Pan
- Opposition to Fidel Castro
- Ostend Manifesto
- Michael E. Parmly
- Platt Amendment
- Luis Posada Carriles
- Radio Martí
- Teller Amendment
- United States Ambassador to Cuba
- United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations
- United States embargo against Cuba
- Wet feet, dry feet policy
- Ten Years' War
- Spanish-American War
- Relations with the U.S.
- Platt Amendment
- Cuban Revolution
- La Coubre explosion
- Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- War Against the Bandits
- Cubana Flight 455
- Mariel boatlift
- Special Period
- 2006 Cuban transfer of presidential duties
- Constitution
- National Assembly of People’s Power
- Supreme Court
- Provinces
- Committees for the
Defense
of the Revolution
People and organizations
Democracy and Human Rights
Foreign Relations
- Foreign relations
- PRC-Cuba relations
- Cuban-Soviet relations
- Cuba-United States relations
Geography Cities and towns- Aguada de Pasajeros
- Antilla
- Arcos de Canasí
- Artemisa
- Baracoa
- Bayamo
- Boca de Jaruco
- Camagüey
- Campechuela
- Cardenas
- Cayo Coco
- Chambas
- Ciego de Avila
- Cienfuegos
- Ciudad Mar
- Colón
- Consolación del Sur
- Cruces
- El Caney
- Esmeralda
- Florida, Cuba
- Gibara
- Guáimaro
- Guanabacoa
- Guanabo
- Guanajay
- Guane
- Guantánamo
- Guardalavaca
- Güines
- Güira de Melena
- Holguín
- Jaruco
- Jibacoa
- Jiguaní
- Jovellanos
- Los Arabos
- Magarabomba
- Manzanillo
- Marianao
- Mariel
- Martí
- Matanzas
- Máximo Gómez, Cuba
- Mayarí
- Moa
- Morón, Cuba
- Nueva Gerona
- Nuevitas
- Palma Soriano
- Pinar del Río
- Placetas
- Rodas
- Sagua La Grande
- San Antonio de los Baños
- San Luis, Pinar del Río
- San Luis, Santiago de Cuba
- Sancti Spiritus
- Santa Clara
- Santa Cruz del Norte
- Santa Cruz del Sur
- Santa Fe
- Santiago de Cuba
- Tarara
- Trinidad
- Varadero
- Venezuela
- Victoria de Las Tunas
- Viñales
- Yara
- Boyeros
- Centro Habana, Cuba
- Ciudad Mar
- Colon Cemetery
- El Capitolio
- Estadio Latinoamericano
- Guanabacoa
- Havana cathedral
- Havana Conference
- Havana Sugar Kings
- Industriales
- International School of Havana
- John Lennon Park
- José Martí International Airport
- Marianao
- Miramar, Havana
- Morro Castle (fortress)
- Museum of the Revolution
- Old Havana
- Playa, Havana
- Regla
- San Francisco de la Habana Basilica
- San Miguel del Padrón
- Seville Hotel
- Tropicana Club
- University of Havana
- Vedado
- Habana (baseball club)
- Habana del Este
- Metropolitanos
- Camagüey
- Ciego de Ávila
- Cienfuegos
- Ciudad de La Habana
- Granma
- Guantánamo
- Holguín
- Isla de la Juventud
- La Habana
- Las Tunas
- Matanzas
- Pinar del Río
- Sancti Spíritus
- Santiago de Cuba
- Villa Clara
- Bay of Buena Vista
- Bay of Cárdenas
- Bay of Pigs
- Bay of Santa Clara
- Ensenada de la Broa
- Guantánamo Bay
- Escambray Mountains
- Cuchillas del Toa
- Sierra Cristal
- Sierra del Rosario
- Sierra Maestra
- Pico Turquino
- El Yunque
- Canarreos Archipelago
- Colorados Archipelago
- Cayo Coco
- Cayo Guajaba
- Cayo Guillermo
- Cayo Largo del Sur
- Cayo Romano
- Cayo Sabinal
- Cayo Saetia
- Ernst Thälmann Island
- Isle of Youth
- Jardines de la Reina
- Jardines del Rey
- Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago
Culture Art- Abelardo Morell
- Alberto Korda
- Amelia Peláez
- Carlos Enríquez Gómez
- David Martinez Delgado
- Juan T. Vazquez Martin
- Mario Perez
- Pedro Álvarez Castelló
- Peter Henry Emerson
- Raúl Corrales
- Raúl Martínez
- Rene Mederos
- Tomas Sanchez
- Víctor Manuel García Valdés
- Wifredo Lam
- Timeline
Films- Muerte de un burócrata
- Memorias del subdesarrollo
- Vampiros en La Habana
- Clandestinos
- Fresa y Chocolate
- Madagascar
- Guantanemera
- La Vida es Silbar
- Lista de Espera
- Suite Habana
- Habana Blues
- El Benny
Directors
- Fernando Pérez
- Humberto Padrón
- Jorge Luis Sánchez
- Jorge Molina
- Juan Carlos Cremata
- Juan Padrón
- Miguel Coyula
- Santiago Álvarez
- Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
Actors
Cuisine- Buñuelos
- Cerveceria Bucanero
- Chicharrones
- Chorizo
- Churro
- Cuban espresso
- Cuban sandwich
- Empanada
- Frijoles Negros
- Havana Club
- Ironbeer
- Malta (soft drink)
- Mojito
- Paladar
- Picadillo
- Piña Colada
- Platillo Moros y Cristianos
- Tostón
- Alejo Carpentier
- Antonio Benitez-Rojo
- Daína Chaviano
- Carilda Oliver Labra
- Dulce María Loynaz
- Edmundo Desnoes
- Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda
- Guillermo Cabrera Infante
- Heberto Padilla
- José Ignacio Rivero
- José Lezama Lima
- José María Heredia y Campuzano
- José Martí
- Julián del Casal
- Leonardo Padura Fuentes
- Mariano Brull
- Nancy Morejón
- Nicolás Guillén
- Norberto Fuentes
- Pedro Juan Gutiérrez
- Pedro Luis Boitel
- Raúl Rivero
- Reinaldo Arenas
- Severo Sarduy
- Zoé Valdés
- Virgilio Piñera
People PoliticsCurrent
- Abelardo Colomé Ibarra
- Carlos Lage Dávila
- Felipe Pérez Roque
- Fidel Castro
- José Luis Rodríguez García
- José Ramón Balaguer Cabrera
- Juan Almeida Bosque
- Luis Posada Carriles
- Mariela Castro
- Oscar Elías Biscet
- Oswaldo Payá
- Raúl Castro
- Roberto Fernández Retamar
- Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada
- Rosa Elena Simeón Negrín
- Vilma Espín Guillois
Historical
- Abel Santamaría
- Alcibiades Hidalgo
- Andrés Rivero Agüero
- Anselmo Alliegro
- Antonio Guiteras
- Armando Hart Dávalos
- Camilo Cienfuegos
- Carlos Hevia
- Carlos Manuel Piedra
- Carlos Prio Socarras
- Celia Sánchez
- Eduardo Chibás
- Federico Laredo Brú
- Fernando Tarrida del Mármol
- Fabio Grobart
- Fulgencio Batista
- Frank País
- Gerardo Machado
- Gustavo Arcos
- Huber Matos
- Ignacio Agramonte
- José Miró Cardona
- Juan Carlos Robinson Agramonte
- Julio Antonio Mella
- Manuel Piñeiro
- Manuel Urrutia Lleó
- Miguel Mariano Gómez
- Paul Lafargue
- Rafael Diaz-Balart
- Ramón Grau
- Saturnino and Mariano Lora
- Virgilio Paz Romero
- Alejo Carpentier
- Antonio Benitez-Rojo
- Daína Chaviano
- Carilda Oliver Labra
- Dulce María Loynaz
- Edmundo Desnoes
- Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda
- Guillermo Cabrera Infante
- Heberto Padilla
- José Ignacio Rivero
- José Lezama Lima
- José María Heredia y Campuzano
- José Martí
- Julián del Casal
- Leonardo Padura Fuentes
- Mariano Brull
- Nancy Morejón
- Nicolás Guillén
- Norberto Fuentes
- Pedro Juan Gutiérrez
- Pedro Luis Boitel
- Raúl Rivero
- Reinaldo Arenas
- Severo Sarduy
- Zoé Valdés
- Virgilio Piñera
Composers
- Alejandro Garcia Caturla
- Amadeo Roldan
- Arsenio Rodríguez
- Ernesto Lecuona
- Esteban Salas y Castro
- Ignacio Cervantes
- José White Lafitte
- Leo Brouwer
- Yalil Guerra
Musicians
- Addys D'Mercedes
- Albita
- Alfredo de la Fe
- Adalberto Álvarez
- Ángel Reyes
- Beny Moré
- Cándido Fabré
- Chucho Valdés
- Compay Segundo
- El Medico
- Eliades Ochoa
- Ernesto Lecuona
- Gonzalo Rubalcaba
- Guillermo Portabales
- Horacio Gutierrez
- Hubert de Blanck
- Ibrahim Ferrer
- Los Van Van
- Jorge Bolet
- La Lupe
- Moisés Valle
- Mongo Santamaria
- Orlando "Cachaito" López
- Pablo Milanes
- Pío Leyva
- Roberto Faz
- Rubén González
- Santiago Rodriguez
- Silvio Rodriguez
- Xavier Cugat
- Willy Chirino
- Yamila Guerra
- Yalil Guerra
- Yotuel Romero
Boxing
- Adolfo Horta, Featherweight Olympic boxer
- Ariel Hernández, Middleweight Olympic boxer
- Armando Martínez, Light middle-weight Olympic boxer
- Benny Paret, boxer
- Eliseo Castillo, boxer
- Félix Savón, Olympic gold medal winning boxer
- Florentino Fernandez, boxer
- Guillermo Rigondeaux Ortiz, amateur boxer
- Joel Casamayor, boxer
- Jorge Rubio, Boxing trainer.
- José Napoles, boxer
- Kid Charol, Boxer
- Kid Chocolate, boxer
- Kid Gavilan, boxer
- Lorenzo Aragon Armenteros Olympic welterweight boxer
- Luis Manuel Rodriguez, boxer
- Mario César Kindelán Mesa, Olympic gold medal winning boxer
- Raúl González, boxer
- Roberto Balado, Olympic Super Heavyweight boxer
- Sugar Ramos, world champion boxer
- Teofilo Stevenson, amateur boxer
- Yanqui Diaz, boxer
- Yudel Johnson Cedeno Light-Welterweight Olympic Boxer
Athletics
- Alberto Juantorena, basketball, track
- Aliecer Urrutia, triple jump
- Ana Fidelia Quirot 800m
- Dayron Robles, Hurdling athlete
- Emeterio González, javelin thrower.
- Hector Herrera, sprinter
- Ioamnet Quintero, high jumper
- Iván García, sprinter
- Iván Pedroso, long jump
- Javier Sotomayor, track and field record setter
- Joel Isasi, sprinter
- Joel Lamela, sprinter
- Jorge Aguilera, sprinter
- Lazaro Martínez, sprinter
- Luis Alberto Pérez-Rionda, sprinter
- Osleidys Menéndez, javelin
- Roberto Hernández (track athlete)
- Roberto Moya, discus throw
- Víctor Moya, high jumper
- Yargelis Savigne, jump
- Yipsi Moreno, hammer thrower
- Yoandri Betanzos, triple jump
- Yoel García, triple jumper
- Yoel Hernández hurdler
- Yudelkis Fernández long jumper.
- Yunaika Crawford, hammer thrower
- Yuniel Hernández, hurdler
Other
- Adolfo Luque, Cincinnati Reds
- Alberto Delgado, soccer
- Alex Sánchez, Baseball Free Agent
- Ariel Pestano, Cuban Baseball Player
- Ariel Prieto, Oakland Athletics
- Aurelio Monteagudo, Kansas City Athletics
- Barbaro Garbey, Detroit Tigers
- Bert Campaneris, Kansas City Athletics
- Brayan Peña, Atlanta Braves
- José Raúl Capablanca, chess world champion, grandmaster considered "the Mozart of Chess"
- Cristóbal Torriente, Negro Leagues - Baseball Hall of Fame
- Danys Báez, Cleveland Indians
- Diego Seguí, Kansas City Athletics
- Eli Marrero, New York Mets
- Esteban Bellán, first Latin American professional baseball player to play in the United States
- Germán Mesa, trainer for the Cuban national baseball team
- Héctor Socorro, footballer
- Ibrahim Rojas, flatwater canoer
- Jack Calvo, Washington Senators
- José Canseco, Oakland Athletics
- José Cardenal, San Francisco Giants
- José Contreras, Chicago White Sox
- José Méndez, Kansas City Monarchs - Baseball Hall of Fame
- José Tartabull, Kansas City Athletics
- Juan Corzo, chess
- Juan Tuñas, former Cuban footballer
- Kendry Morales
- Lázaro Bruzón, chess grandmaster
- Liván Hernández, Arizona Diamondbacks
- Luis Tiant, Cleveland Indians
- Martín Dihigo, Negro Leagues - Baseball Hall of Fame
- Mike Cuellar, Cincinnati Reds
- Minnie Miñoso, Chicago White Sox - Baseball Legend
- Octavio “Cookie” Rojas, Cincinnati Reds
- Omar Linares, Pinar del Río Vegueros, Cuban national baseball team
- Orestes Destrade, New York Yankees
- Orlando Hernández, New York Mets
- Ozzie Canseco, Oakland Athletics
- Pedro Ramos, Washington Senators
- Preston Gómez, Washington Senators
- Rafael A. Lecuona, Gymnast
- Rafael Palmeiro, Baltimore Orioles
- Ray Noble, New York Giants
- René Arocha, St. Louis Cardinals
- René Monteagudo, Washington Senators
- Rey Ángel Martínez, soccer
- Rey Ordóñez, Baseball Free Agent
- Roberto "Bobby" Estalella, Washington Senators
- Rodolfo Falcon, swimmer
- Rolando Arrojo, Tampa Bay Devil Rays
- Sandy Amorós, Brooklyn Dodgers
- Tomás Fernández, footballer in the 1938 world cup
- Tony Fossas, Texas Rangers
- Tony González, Cincinnati Reds
- Tony Oliva, Minnesota Twins
- Tony Pérez, Cincinnati Reds
- Tony Taylor, Chicago Cubs
- Yanelis Yuliet Labrada Diaz, Olymipic silver medallist in Taekwondo
- Yuniesky Betancourt, Seattle Mariners
- Zoilo Versalles, baseball player and first Latin American major league MVP 1965
- Abelardo Morell
- Alberto Korda
- Amelia Peláez
- Carlos Enríquez Gómez
- David Martinez Delgado
- Juan T. Vazquez Martin
- Mario Perez
- Pedro Álvarez Castelló
- Peter Henry Emerson
- Raúl Corrales
- Raúl Martínez
- Rene Mederos
- Tomas Sanchez
- Víctor Manuel García Valdés
- Wifredo Lam
- Economy of Cuba
- Allegations of tourist apartheid in Cuba
- Batey (sugar workers' town)
- CPA (agriculture)
- Central Bank of Cuba
- Cerveceria Bucanero
- Cuban convertible peso
- Cuban peso
- Cupet
- Dollar store (Cuba)
- Infrastructure of Cuba
- Jineterismo
- National Institute of Agrarian Reform
- Rationing in Cuba
- Sociolismo
- Special Period
- Tourism in Cuba
- UBPC
- Ubre Blanca
- United States embargo against Cuba
- Agricultural University of Havana
- University of Camagüey
- University of Ciego de Ávila
- University of Cienfuegos
- University of Granma
- University of Havana
- University of Holguín
- Latin American School of Medical Sciences
- University of Matanzas
- University of Pinar del Rio
- Polytechnic José Antonio Echeverría
- University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas
- University of Santiago de Cuba
- Schools
- Baseball in Cuba
- Cuba at the Olympics
- Asociación de Fútbol de Cuba
- Cuba national baseball team
- Cuba national football team
- Cuba national cricket team
- ACIMED
- Center of molecular immunology
- Cuban Journal of Surgery
- Cuban Journal of Tropical Medicine
- Cuban National Center for Sex Education
- Carlos Finlay
- Hilda Molina
- Sexología y Sociedad
- Abakuá
- Afro-Cuban
- Allegations of tourist apartheid in Cuba
- Batey (unit of sugar production)
- Cabildo (Cuba)
- Chinese Cuban
- Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
- Demographics of Cuba
- Healthcare in Cuba
- Human rights in Cuba
- LGBT rights in Cuba
- Public holidays in Cuba
- Sociolismo
- Tourism in Cuba
- Varela Project
- Women in Cuba
- Baptist Convention of Eastern Cuba
- Havana cathedral
- Iglesia Episcopal de Cuba
- Islam in Cuba
- Jewish Cuban
- Santería
- Palo (religion)
- Roman Catholicism in Cuba
- Baptist Convention of Western Cuba
edit
Associated Wikimedia
Cuba on Wikinews Cuba on Wikiquote Cuba on Wikibooks Cuba on Wikisource Cuba on Wiktionary Cuba on Wikimedia CommonsNews Quotations Manuals & Texts Texts Definitions Images What are portals? | List of portals | Featured portals Categories: Cuba portal | Caribbean portals | Latin American portals | Cuba
Link former page on this page
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
http://wikipedia.atpedia.jp/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90
-
http://wikipedia.atpedia.jp/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%B9%B3
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0
-
[[wikipedia@pedia]] 0