Bernardino Machado

Bernardino Machado
Minister for Foreign Affairs In office
October 5, 1910 – September 3, 1911Prime Minister Teófilo Braga
(as President of the Provisional Government) Preceded by José de Azevedo Castelo Branco Succeeded by João Chagas 60th Prime Minister of Portugal
(6th of the Republic)
(also Minister for Internal Affairs) In office
February 9, 1914 – December 12, 1914President Manuel de ArriagaPreceded by Afonso Costa
Rodrigo José Rodrigues (Min.) Succeeded by Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho
Alexandre Braga (Min.) Minister for Foreign Affairs In office
February 9, 1914 – May 23, 1914Prime Minister Himself Preceded by António Caetano Macieira Succeeded by Alfredo Augusto Freire de Andrade Minister for Justice In office
June 23, 1914 – July 23, 1914Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Manuel MonteiroSucceeded by Eduardo Augusto de Sousa Monteiro 3rd President of PortugalIn office
August 6, 1915 – December 5, 1917Preceded by Teófilo BragaSucceeded by Sidónio Pais
(as Prime Minister Head of State
later as President) 80th Prime Minister of Portugal
(26th of the Republic
(also Minister for Internal Affairs) In office
March 2, 1921 – May 23, 1921President António José de AlmeidaPreceded by Liberato Pinto
(also as Minister) Succeeded by Tomé de Barros Queirós
Abel Hipólito (Min.) Minister for Agriculture (interim) In office
March 2, 1921-May 4, 1921 – May 19, 1921-May 23, 1921Prime Minister Himself Preceded by João Gonçalves(1st time)
Albano de Portugal Durão (2nd time) Succeeded by Albano de Portugal Durão (1st time)
Manuel de Sousa da Câmara (2nd time) 8th President of PortugalIn office
December 11, 1925 – May 31, 1926Preceded by Manuel Teixeira GomesSucceeded by José Mendes CabeçadasBorn March 28, 1851(1851-03-28)
Rio de Janeiro, Empire of BrazilDied April 29, 1944(aged 93)
Famalicão, Portugal Political party Portuguese Republican Party
(later Democratic Party) Spouse Elisa Dantas Gonçalves Pereira, Mrs. Machado Children António Luís, Miguel, Jerónima, Narciso Luís, Domingos Luís Alma mater University of CoimbraOccupation Diplomat(Ambassador)
Mathematician
Professorat the University of Coimbra

Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCTE, GCL (pronounced [bɨɾnaɾˈdinu mɐˈʃadu]) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28 March 1851 – Porto, Portugal, 29 April 1944), was a famous Portuguese political figure, and twice president of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26).

1 Early life
2 Political scene
3 Personal life
4 Books

Early life

He was the son of António Luís Machado Guimarães, 1st Baron de Joane and a Nobleman of the Royal Household, a rich merchant raised to the Nobility, and his second wife Praxedes de Sousa Guimarães. He came to Portugal in 1860, enrolled at Coimbra University in 1866, studied Mathematics for 3 years, and graduated in Philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he chose to obtain Portuguese nationality. Continuing with his studies, obtained a doctorate in Philosophy in 1876, and graduation in General Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1883. He lectured at that institution since 1877.

Political scene

Official portrait of President Bernardino Machado by Martinho da Fonseca.

He then turned to a second interest; in 1882 was elected to the Portuguese parliament for Lamego, and in 1886 for Coimbra. In 1890 and 1894 was also elected Peer of the Realm by the Coimbra University. During this period he was briefly Minister for Public Works on the Hintze Ribeiro cabinet, in 1893 and created the first labour court in Portugal. Taking a special interest in public education during his political activity he was made part of the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892, and published several books on the subject. Machado was also briefly President of the Directory of the Democratic Party in 1902, and after switching to the Republican Party, was this party's President of the Directory from 1906 to 1909. He was one of the few Monarchists-turned-Republican who switched still during Monarchy.

Once the Republic was proclaimed in 1910 he was made Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Presidential elections of 1911. Afterwards appointed ambassador to Brazil, made his political comeback in 1914 to lead one of many brief cabinets the country had in this period. Machado ran again to the Presidency in 1915 and was this time elected President of Portugal. In the course of his term, he would receive Germany's declaration of war (March, 1916), and would visit the Portuguese forces placed in France in the battlefields.

In 1917 the government was deposed by a military coup headed by Sidónio Pais, and Machado went into exile.

Upon Machado's return in 1919 he was elected Senator. He served as Prime Minister from 10 February to 23 May 1921. Once again, in 1925, he achieved the presidential office after President Teixeira Gomes resigned, only to be overthrown a year later (1926) by Gomes da Costa (See: 28th May 1926 coup d'état and Ditadura Nacional). The country remained under a military, then civilian, dictatorship until 1974.

For a second time he went into exile in France, where he continued to be very critical of the Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Portugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Oporto that he died in 1944.

Personal life

He was father-in-law of the famous writer Aquilino Ribeiro.

Books

Introdução à Pedagogia, 1902
O Ensino, 1898
O Ensino Primário e Secundário, 1899
O Ensino Superior, 1900

Preceded by
Afonso Costa Prime Minister of Portugal
(President of the Ministry)
1914Succeeded by
Victor Hugo de Azevedo CoutinhoPreceded by
Teófilo Braga President of Portugal
1915–1917Succeeded by
Sidónio PaisPreceded by
Liberato Pinto Prime Minister of Portugal
(President of the Ministry)
1921Succeeded by
Tomé José de Barros QueirósPreceded by
Manuel Teixeira Gomes President of Portugal
1925–1926Succeeded by
Mendes Cabeçadas

v • d • e Presidents of Portugal First Republic Manuel de Arriaga · Teófilo Braga · Bernardino Machado · Sidónio Pais · Canto e Castro · António José de Almeida · Teixeira Gomes · Bernardino Machado Second Republic Mendes Cabeçadas · Gomes da Costa · Óscar Carmona · Oliveira Salazar · Craveiro Lopes · Américo Thomaz Third Republic National Salvation Junta · António de Spínola · Costa Gomes · Ramalho Eanes · Mário Soares · Jorge Sampaio · Cavaco Silva

v • d • e Prime Ministers of Portugalduring the First Republic(1910-1926) Teófilo Braga- João Pinheiro Chagas- Augusto de Vasconcelos- Duarte Leite- Afonso Costa- Bernardino Machado - Azevedo Coutinho- Pimenta de Castro- Constitutional Junta - João Pinheiro Chagas(2nd; didn't take office) - José de Castro- Afonso Costa(2nd) - António José de Almeida- Afonso Costa(3rd) - Sidónio Pais- Canto e Castro- Tamagnini Barbosa- José Relvas- Domingos Pereira- Sá Cardoso- Fernandes Costa(didn't take office) - Sá Cardoso(reconducted) - Domingos Pereira(2nd) - António Maria Baptista- Ramos Preto- António Maria da Silva- António Granjo- Álvaro de Castro- Liberato Pinto- Bernardino Machado (2nd) - Barros Queirós- António Granjo(2nd) - Manuel Maria Coelho- Maia Pinto- Cunha Leal- António Maria da Silva(2nd) - Ginestal Machado- Álvaro de Castro(2nd) - Rodrigues Gaspar- Domingues dos Santos- Vitorino Guimarães- António Maria da Silva(3rd) - Domingos Pereira(3rd) - António Maria da Silva(4th) « Monarchy Second Republic »

PersondataNAME Machado, Bernardino ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães SHORT DESCRIPTION Portuguese president DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1851PLACE OF BIRTH Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDATE OF DEATH April 29, 1944PLACE OF DEATH Porto, Portugal

Categories: Presidents of Portugal | Prime Ministers of Portugal | 1851 births | 1944 deaths